queen elizabeth ii visit to guyana

People, History and Culture of Guyana

Guyana is a land of six races, so we have lots of stories to tell. This blog features stories and articles related to the people, history and cultures of Guyana, South America

Queen Elizabeth II – a Glorious Part of Guyana’s History (Redirected)

This article has been migrated to: Queen Elizabeth II – a Glorious Part of Guyana’s History on the Guyana, South America official website.

Her Royal Highness, Queen Elizabeth II, was born Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on 21st of April, 1926 in Mayfair, London, England at 02:40 hours (GMT), while Guyana was still a British colony and was called British Guiana . She ascended the throne of the British Monarchy on the 6th of February, 1952 after the death of her father, King George VI. Her coronation ceremony took place on June 2, 1953 and was the first televised coronation ceremony in history. Queen Elizabeth II reigned for 70 years until her death on September 8, 2022 after which her son, Prince Charles, became King.

In the early 1950s, fueled by greed and the lure of money, a handful of Guyanese politicians started to persecute the British Empire, fighting for Guyana’s Independence and the end of colonial rule. The two chief ringleaders in the crime were Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham and Dr. Cheddi Jagan. Their freedom fighting activities included burning cane fields, smear campaigns against the British, name calling, and instigating public unrest. And the end result of their actions included racial division, violent clashes between the two major ethnic groups, poverty, international isolation, economic stagnation, starvation, and mass migration. Yet, Burnham and Jagan are hailed as great heroes, sons of the soil, and fathers of the nation for purely racist reasons.

Related: St. Ignatius Secondary School Arts Student Paints Incredible Portrait of Elizabeth 11

I’ll talk more about this later. For now, let’s come back to the topic of the Queen. On the 21st of December, 2007, Queen Elizabeth II broke her great grandmother’s record and became the longest lived British Monarch. On the 9th of September, 2015, she became the longest reigning female Monarch in the world.

On February 4th, 1966, at the start of her Caribbean tour, Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Phillip, became the first reigning monarch to visit British Guiana in its 152 years under the British Flag. The then opposition People’s Progressive Party called on its supporters to boycott the Queen’s visit. However, the appeal seem to have fallen on deaf ears as the entire gamut of society turned up to give the Queen an overwhelmingly warm welcome.

On the first day of the 1966 visit, the Royal couple went to the Durban Park Race Track in Georgetown to see the running of the Queen’s trophy. That day, the Queen presented the winning trophy to “Maid of Joy” which was owned by Miss Claudette Joseph of Trinidad.

During this visit, she opened the Queen Elizabeth II National Park in Georgetown – which was later renamed Guyana National Park.

Accompanied again by her husband, Prince Phillip, Queen Elizabeth paid her second and final visit to Guyana in February, 1994. This time around however, the Queen received a warm welcome from the People’s Progressive Party, which had assumed office since 1992. The photo below shows how cozy the then leader of the PPP/C, Dr. Cheddi Jagan, had gotten with the Royal family. There were no calls for boycott this time around. As the saying goes, “all’s well that ends well.”

The Queen spent the first morning of her 1994 visit touring the Amerindian settlement of Santa Mission. There, she exchanged gifts with the locals, attended a church service, and visited a school and handicraft center. The Queen ended her 4-day visit on Tuesday, 22nd of February, 2022 by laying a wreath for Guyanese soldiers who had died fighting for Britain during the Second World War. That day, hundreds of Guyanese struggled to get a look at the queen at the ceremony at the Commonwealth War Memorial.

At the ripe old age of 96, Elizabeth II reportedly fell ill on September 8, 2022 and was placed under medical supervision at Balmoral Castle. According to a statement from Buckingham Palace, “ Following further evaluation this morning, the Queen’s doctors are concerned for Her Majesty’s health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision. The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral. ”

Queen Elizabeth II died the same day at 15:10 hours BST. The cause of her death was recorded as “old age.” On the 19th of September, 2022, having lived a long, meaningful, and glorious life on earth, she was laid to rest at the King George VI Memorial Chapel.

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Guyana is Geographically South America, but Culturally Caribbean (Redirected)

I agree with this post. The writer got the facts accurately indeed. Politicians will be critical of course but the writer “hit the nail squarely on the head”. Completely different from what many Guyanese unaware of these truths have been told and read.

Thank you Malcolm. We appreciate your comment.

It is disgusting that the writer would labeled the local leaders as ringleaders in crime. What crime? Fighting to liberate their people from the claws of a wicked system is a crime? What about the crimes of SLAVERY and COLONIALISM against humanity committed by her family then she? The writer went on to described the action (s) by our leaders as fueled by greed. What were the British Empire action throughout history? The British Empire actions were characterized by enslavement, colonialism, murder, rape, theft etc. They are probably one of the most, if not the most EVIL EMPIRE ever existed. …  Read more »

A history of the Royal Family on tour in the Caribbean

By Rebecca Cope

Next month, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are thought to be embarking on their first royal tour in two years, visiting the Caribbean. It will be the first time that the couple have visited many of the Commonwealth nations there, having previously been to Australia and New Zealand, as well as the US and Canada. The trip is part of a planned charm offensive during the Queen's Platinum Jubilee year, with the young and charismatic duo set to showcase their unique brand of modern royalty. 

The Caribbean has always been an important destination for royal tours. Indeed, the Queen is currently still head of state in 15 countries around the world, half of which are in the Caribbean, so it is unsurprising it is such an important destination for the Royal Family. 

Her Majesty's first visit was in her Coronation year, 1953, highlighting just how important she regards these nations as being. In that year, she travelled first to Bermuda and then to Jamaica. She did not return until February 1966, when she took on a more all-encompassing tour of Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Guiana, Dominica, Antigua and Turks and Caicos. She made the trip again in 1975, taking in Bermuda, the Bahamas and Barbados, returning once more in 1977. She visited twice more in the 1980s, and once in the 1990s, with her last trip being in 2009 to Trinidad and Tobago and Bermuda. 

Since then, she has handed the baton of royal travel on to the next generation, including her son, Prince Charles, and his wife, the Duchess of Cornwall, who have visited several times together in 2017 and 2019. The heir to the throne's last trip was just last December, when he bore witness to Barbados becoming a republic. 

Prince Harry, pre-Megxit, was also dispatched to the Caribbean. He undertook a tour to Jamaica in 2012, famously racing Usain Bolt, and in 2016, undertook a two-week, seven-country trip in honour of the Queen's 90th birthday (where he met with Rihanna in Barbados). 

Scroll down for a visual history of the Royal Family's tours to the Caribbean to date.

Queen Elizabeth II socialising with people during her visit in Bermuda, 1953.

Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth in Jamaica, 1953. 

Crowd waiting for the arrival of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip in Jamaica, 1953. 

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh leave the House of Assembly in Hamilton, Bermuda, during a six-month tour of the Commonwealth nations, November 1953. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Queen Elizabeth II at a reception given by Forbes Burnham (1925 - 1985), the Prime Minister of Guyana, in Georgetown, British Guyana, during a royal tour of the Caribbean, 7th February 1966. Prince Philip is at centre, left, while Burnham and his wife Viola are at centre, right.  

Queen Elizabeth II arrives in Saint Kitts during a royal tour of the Caribbean, February 1966. 

Prime Minister of Guyana, Forbes Burnham and his wife Viola (left) with Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip (right) in Georgetown, British Guyana,  1966.

Queen Elizabeth ll and the Duke of Edinburgh drive among the crowds during the Royal Tour in the Bahamas in 1977.

By Harriet Johnston

By Isaac Bickerstaff

Queen Elizabeth ll picks up a mango as she tours a market in the British Virgin Islands in October of 1977. 

Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh arriving in the Bahamas, 1985. 

Prince Charles visiting a refuge for abandoned children in Trinidad, 2008.

The Duchess of Cornwall, Prime Minister Patrick Manning, Prince Charles and Hazel Manning pose for a photograph at the Prime Minister's residence on the first day of a three day tour of Trinidad and Tobago in 2008.

The Duchess of Cornwall and the Prince of Wales play the steel pans at The University of the West Indies St Augustine Campus on the second day of a three day tour of Trinidad and Tobago in 2008.

The Duchess of Cornwall and Prince Charles visit the Volcano Observatory at Soufrie Volcano in Little Bay, Montserrat, 2008.

Prince Harry races Usain Bolt at the Usain Bolt Track at the University of the West Indies in 2012.

Prince Harry visits the Sir McChesney George High School during the third day of his tour of the Caribbean in 2016. 

Prince Harry arrives for the unveiling of the dedication to The Queen's Commonwealth Canopy and Arbour Day Fair at Queen Victoria Park Botanical Gardens on the third day of an official visit to St John's, Antigua and Barbuda in 2016.

Prince Harry and Rihanna attend a Golden Anniversary Spectacular Mega Concert at the Kensington Oval Cricket Ground in Bridgetown, Barbados on day 10 of an official visit to the Caribbean in 2016.

Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall attend a reception at Government House in Nevis, St Kitts, in 2019. 

Prince Charles with Resa Layne, Barbados Head of Protocol, at a reception hosted by the President, in Bridgetown, Barbados, in 2021.

‘The legacy of her late Majesty is etched in Guyana’s history’ – PM Phillips

– commemorative service held in honour of the late queen elizabeth ii.

The world has lost an exemplary leader with the passing of Queen Elizabeth II said Prime Minister Brigadier (Ret’d) Mark Phillips at a Commemorative Service held in honour of the late Queen.

The service was held at the St George’s Cathedral which saw the presence of several ministers of government and members of the diplomatic corps.

Queen Elizabeth II who passed on September 8, was once the ruler of then British Guiana before it gained independence in 1966.

Prime Minister Phillips recalled that she visited Guyana twice during her 70 years reign. Once in 1966 to open the Queen Elizabeth National Park and again in 1994 on her tour as head of the Commonwealth of which Guyana is a member.

“Photos of those times show great celebration and enthusiasm by Guyanese people for her visit. Indeed, the legacy of her late Majesty is etched in Guyana’s history,” he stated.

President Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali has proclaimed September 19 a ‘National Day of Mourning’ in sympathy and solidarity with the Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations.

“On that day, all authorities, boards, commissions, corporations, public agencies, ministries and citizens will fly Guyana’s Golden Arrow Head at half mast,” the prime minister relayed.

The world, he said has been mourning the passing the esteem monarch who ruled passionately and devoted her life in service.

“To Britain, Queen Elizabeth II was more than a leader, she exuded wisdom and the comfort of a matriarch for an entire nation. But even in her absence, the countless lessons she has left behind and the indelible example she has set for diplomacy, discipline and wise leadership in the 70 years of her reign must be remembered and exemplified,”the prime minister expressed.

Queen Elizabeth II was the longest serving monarch after taking the throne in February, 1952. She was 96 years old at the time of her peaceful passing at her Scottish Estate. Her reign spanned 15 British prime ministers.

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The end of an era – President Ali on Queen Elizabeth’s passing

After reigning for 70 years, her majesty queen elizabeth ii – the united kingdom’s longest-serving monarch – died on thursday afternoon at age 96. buckingham palace, in a statement, said the queen died peacefully at her scottish estate, balmoral castle, where she had spent much of the summer. at the moment the queen died, the throne passed immediately and without ceremony to the heir, charles, the former prince of wales. he will now be known as king charles iii. on saturday, charles will be officially proclaimed king. the end of an era..

The Queen’s passing marks the end of an era, Guyana’s President Dr Irfaan Ali said in a statement following news of her demise. “I join all Guyanese in expressing our profound and deepest sorrow at the death of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II. Her passing marks the end of an era in the history of the British Monarchy, the United Kingdom, and the Commonwealth of Nations,” the Guyanese Head of State said.

“Queen Elizabeth’s place in history is assured, and her legacy is intact. Her long and impactful reign has helped to shape the post-World War II world. Her Majesty has been a source of stability for her country. She will be long remembered for her sterling leadership of the Commonwealth of Nations,” he added. President Ali noted too that Queen Elizabeth II visits to Guyana are recalled “with great fondness”. The Queen’s last tour to Guyana was in 1994 as Head of the Commonwealth. Prior to that, she had visited in 1966, four months prior to Guyana gaining independence after over 100 years of colonial rule as British Guiana. Grace, Dignity, Dedication The United Nations Secretary General António Guterres, also issued a statement, extending his condolences on the passing of The Queen.

“As the United Kingdom’s longest-lived and longest-reigning Head of State, Queen Elizabeth II was widely admired for her grace, dignity, and dedication around the world. She was a reassuring presence throughout decades of sweeping change, including the decolonization of Africa and Asia and the evolution of the Commonwealth,” he expressed. The SG also noted that Queen Elizabeth II was a good friend of the United Nations, having visited its New York Headquarters twice, more than fifty years apart.

“She was deeply committed to many charitable and environmental causes and spoke movingly to delegates at the COP26 climate talks in Glasgow. I would like to pay tribute to Queen Elizabeth II for her unwavering, lifelong dedication to serving her people. The world will long remember her devotion and leadership.” The Commonwealth Secretary General Patricia Scotland, QC also issued a statement in tribute to The Queen on her passing. “After a long life of faith, duty and service, a great light has gone out,” she expressed. “Her Majesty was an extraordinary person, who lived an extraordinary life: a constant presence and example for each of us, guiding and serving us all for as long as any of us can remember. Throughout her reign, and seven decades of extraordinary change and challenge, Her Majesty was the epitome of duty, stability, wisdom and grace.”

During her reign, The Queen travelled more than any monarch in history, visiting every part of the Commonwealth family of nations. The CW SG recalled that between 1971 and 2018, she missed only one Heads of Government Meeting. “Her devotion to duty was only matched by her skill as Head of the Commonwealth of Nations, always a generous host and consummate diplomat,” she noted. “I will miss her greatly, the Commonwealth will miss her greatly, and the world will miss her greatly. We will never see her like again…Hers was a life of service which will echo through the ages. We will be forever grateful,” the CW SG said.

Life of service elizabeth alexandra mary windsor was born on 21 april 1926, in a house just off berkeley square in london, the first child of albert, duke of york. the young elizabeth had little prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, edward viii (afterward duke of windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on december 11, 1936, at which time her father became king george vi and she became heir presumptive. upon the king’s death february 6, 1952, elizabeth become queen. the first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. but in the summer, after she had moved from clarence house to buckingham palace, she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of parliament on november 4, 1952. her coronation was held at westminster abbey on june 2, 1953, at the age of 27, in front of a then-record tv audience estimated at more than 20 million people. subsequent decades would see great change, with the end of the british empire overseas and the swinging ’60s sweeping away social norms at home. queen elizabeth reformed the monarchy for this less deferential age, engaging with the public through walkabouts, royal visits and attendance at public events. on september 9, 2015 she became the longest reigning monarch in british history, surpassing the reign of her great-great-grandmother queen victoria. (g11), related articles more from author.

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Guyana pays tribute to Queen Elizabeth II at St George’s Cathedral

Prime Minister, Brigadier (Ret’d) Mark Phillips, and his wife, Mignon Bowen-Phillips, joined the British High Commissioner to Guyana, Jane Miller on Saturday for a Service of Commemoration in honour of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, at the St George’s Cathedral in Georgetown.

The Prime Minister, who is fulfilling the duties of the President, during his tribute, said that Guyana, much like the rest of the world, recognises the late Queen’s illustrious legacy and outstanding contributions to the world, and mourns her passing.

“Even in her absence, the countless lessons she has left behind and the indelible example she has set for diplomacy, discipline and wise leadership in the 70 years of her reign must be remembered and exemplified…. Her Late Majesty, The Queen, will forever be remembered for her warmth, her dedication, her fervour and her wisdom.”

The Acting Head of State was joined by Finance Minister, Dr Ashni Singh; Home Affairs Minister Robeson Benn, other Cabinet Ministers and Government officials. In addition, members of the diplomatic community, members of civil society and members of the local British community were in attendance.

In fact, British High Commissioner to Guyana, Jane Miller recalled the Queen for her wisdom, warmth and compassion.

“As a child, I remember lining the streets of London just to get a glimpse of her passing in the carriage or on a boat, or the balcony of Buckingham Palace. I loved the atmosphere. I loved the happiness, joy and community spirit.”

The Queen as the British Monarch was the supreme governor of the Church of England and as such the Titular Head of the Church of England or the Anglican Church.

Queen Elizabeth II, who died at the age of 96 last Thursday, reigned for 70 years. Her body will be interned on Monday at Westminster Abbey, United Kingdom, and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Governance, Gail Teixeira will represent the Guyana Government.

According to the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), there will be a service at Westminster Abbey, cortège, and military procession across London, followed by a family ceremony at a chapel in Windsor Castle.

The Queen’s funeral is expected to be attended by 2000 guests including 500 representatives from 200 nations. The Abbey is a historic church, where the Queen’s coronation in 1953 was held. It is also the venue where she married Prince Philip in 1947.

Meanwhile, President Dr Irfaan Ali has already declared Monday as a National Day of Mourning in sympathy and solidarity with the Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations.

According to the proclamation signed by the President, all authorities, boards, commissions, corporations, public agencies, Ministries, and citizens are asked to fly the National Flag at half-mast.

The Guyanese Head of State in his message after the Queen’s passing stated that her death marked the end of an era.

Following her death, her eldest son Charles, the former Prince of Wales, leads the country as the new King.

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• |  September 20, 2022
• By Staff Reporter
• -  September 20, 2022

The nation has paid a final farewell to Queen Elizabeth II, with a state funeral and military procession.

World leaders and foreign royalty joined King Charles III and the Royal Family in the congregation at Westminster Abbey.

Hundreds of thousands of people lined the streets as the coffin was taken to Windsor where she was laid to rest.

At the funeral, the Dean of Westminster paid tribute to the Queen’s “lifelong sense of duty”.

The Very Rev David Hoyle spoke of her “unswerving commitment to a high calling over so many years as Queen and Head of the Commonwealth”.

The day began with final respects being paid by members of the public who had queued up to see the Queen’s lying-in-state in Westminster Hall.

Then, in a spectacle not seen for generations, her coffin – on the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy, drawn by 142 sailors – was taken in a solemn procession to Westminster Abbey.

King Charles III walked alongside his siblings, Princess Anne and Princes Andrew and Edward. The Prince of Wales and the Duke of Sussex walked side-by-side behind their father along a route lined by representatives of all parts of the military.

As the funeral procession entered the abbey, world leaders, politicians and foreign royalty stood as her coffin was carried up the aisle to be placed on a catafalque, draped in the royal standard with the Imperial State Crown, orb and sceptre on top.

Some of the youngest members of the family were in attendance at the abbey – the Queen’s great-grandchildren Prince George and Princess Charlotte, aged nine and seven, sat with their parents the Prince and Princess of Wales.

Prime Minister Liz Truss and her husband Hugh O’Leary were present alongside Cabinet ministers and all of the UK’s surviving former prime ministers, seated in the abbey’s quire.

About 100 presidents and heads of government joined the 2,000-strong congregation at the abbey – as well as US President Joe Biden and his wife, Jill, there were French President Emmanuel Macron, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, Canadian PM Justin Trudeau, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Chinese Vice-President Wang Qishan.

Europe’s royal families were strongly represented – with kings and queens from Denmark, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Belgium and The Netherlands. Denmark’s Queen Margrethe II – now Europe’s longest-reigning monarch – sat opposite King Charles close to the coffin.

The Emperor and Empress of Japan also attended, alongside other overseas royalty including Malaysia’s King and Queen and King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan.

The religious service heard church leaders highlight the affection in which the Queen has been held by many people.

The Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby said: “People of loving service are rare in any walk of life. Leaders of loving service are still rarer.

“But in all cases those who serve will be loved and remembered when those who cling to power and privileges are long forgotten.”

He also spoke of how the Queen had declared on her 21st birthday “that her whole life would be dedicated to serving the nation and Commonwealth”.

He added: “Rarely has such a promise been so well kept. Few leaders receive the outpouring of love we have seen.”

Westminster Abbey is bound up with parts of the Queen’s own personal history – it was where she was married and where her coronation took place. Her funeral heard Psalm 23 – The Lord Is My Shepherd, which was sung at her wedding.

As the abbey service came towards its end, the Last Post was played – by the same musicians who performed it at the Duke of Edinburgh’s funeral at Windsor last year – before the nation came to a standstill for two minutes’ silence.

The Queen’s piper then played a traditional lament before the King stood silently as the national anthem was sung.

Among the personal touches at the ceremony was a handwritten message from the King, which was placed on top of the coffin in a wreath of flowers cut from the gardens of Buckingham Palace, Highgrove House and Clarence House at his request. It read: “In loving and devoted memory. Charles R.”

The event was watched on television by millions of people across the country and around the world.

For those not invited, big screens were put up in cities across the UK, while some cinemas, pubs and other venues showed the event.

Thousands lined streets and gathered in parks around the capital to listen to the service, with many moved to tears.

It was the first state funeral since Sir Winston Churchill’s in 1965 and the biggest ceremonial event since World War Two.

After the funeral, the Queen’s coffin was taken by gun carriage to Wellington Arch and then on to its final journey to Windsor Castle and a committal service.

Throughout the route, many thousands of mourners lined up to make their own emotional farewell.

The procession passed through Horse Guards Parade, where the Queen had presided over scores of many Trooping the Colour ceremonies, and down the Mall – where it was greeted with cheers and applause.

As the Queen’s coffin passed Buckingham Palace for the last time, staff stood outside to say their final goodbyes.

The funeral cortege then drove the 28 miles from London to Windsor along a route that avoided motorways – to allow as many as possible to pay their final respects.

Thousands of people packed Windsor’s Long Walk as the Queen made her last journey to the castle, where she and Prince Philip spent the COVID lockdown.

One of those was Sandy Mar who camped overnight in order to catch a glimpse of the procession.

The 54-year-old said she was “very emotional” when she heard the news that the Queen had died and “cried like mad” when she saw the funeral procession.

“When she passed through the gate I felt very emotional,” Mar said.

“I broke down, I cried like mad, I feel like we lost a good lady, we will never see a long-serving Queen like that again.”

The Queen’s two corgis made an appearance outside the chapel, while her fell pony Emma stood to one side as the procession made its way to the Queen’s final resting place.

The committal service was conducted by Dean of Windsor David Conner, with a blessing from the Archbishop of Canterbury.

As the service neared its end, the crown jeweller removed the instruments of state – the imperial state crown, the orb and sceptre – from the coffin before they were put on the altar, symbolising the end of the Queen’s reign.

King Charles then placed on the coffin a small crimson regimental flag called the Camp Colour – traditionally used to indicate the location of the commanding officer.

The Lord Chamberlain, former MI5 chief Lord Parker, also “broke” his wand of office and placed it on the coffin. The snapping of the staff signals the end of his service to the sovereign as her most senior official in the Royal Household.

The coffin was then lowered into the royal vault, before the Sovereign’s Piper played a lament.

The Queen was laid to rest on Monday night together with the Duke of Edinburgh at a private family service in the King George VI Memorial Chapel, located inside St George’s Chapel, a statement on the Royal Family’s official website said.

When Prince Philip died 17 months ago, his coffin was interred in the Royal Vault of St George’s – ready to be moved to the memorial chapel when the Queen died. The Queen’s parents and sister Princess Margaret are also buried in the vault.

Unlike the rest of the day, the event was not televised. A senior palace official had said previously it would be “entirely private, given it is a deeply personal family occasion”. (BBC)

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• | 2024-04-12

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Queen of Guyana

Elizabeth II was Queen of Guyana from 1966 to 1970, when Guyana was independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy . She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms , including the United Kingdom . Her constitutional roles were delegated to the governor-general of Guyana .

The Crown colony of British Guiana became an independent country called Guyana on 26 May 1966, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and Queen of Guyana. [1] The Duke and Duchess of Kent, represented the Queen of Guyana at the independence celebrations. The Duke opened the first session of the Guyanese Parliament, on behalf of the Queen, and gave the speech from the throne. [2]

The Queen's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Guyana, her representative in Guyana, who was appointed by the Queen on the advice of her Guyanese Prime Minister. The Governor-General acted on the advice of the Guyanese ministers. [3] Three governors-general held office: Sir Richard Luyt (1966), Sir David Rose (1966–1969), and Sir Edward Luckhoo (1969–1970). All executive powers of Guyana were vested in the monarch, but were mostly exercised by the governor-general on her behalf. [3]

The new Guyanese constitution provided for the country to become a republic after 45 months by a majority vote in the House of Assembly . [4] Exactly 45 months from independence, Guyana became a republic within the Commonwealth , with the president of Guyana as head of state .

The Queen visited Guyana on 4–5 February 1966, where she opened the Queen Elizabeth II National Park (now Guyana National Park ). [5] [6]

She toured Guyana as Head of the Commonwealth on 19–22 February 1994. [7]

Elizabeth II had the following styles in her role as the monarch of Guyana:

• 26 May 1966 – 18 June 1966: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [8] [9]
• 18 June 1966 – 23 February 1970: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Guyana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [9] [10] [11]

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• ↑ INDEPENDENCE GRANTED TO GUYANA
• ↑ Philip Murphy (2013). Monarchy and the End of Empire: The House of Windsor, the British Government, and the Postwar Commonwealth . Oxford University Press. pp.   84–85. ISBN   978-0-19-921423-5 .
• ↑ "A royal visit to welcome Guyana's independence" . Guyana Times . 26 May 2019. If Friday's schedule was considered tight, Saturday's [Feb. 5, 1966] was even tighter. [...] Later that afternoon, she was again bound for another engagement, this time to open the Queen Elizabeth National Park on Thomas Lands. [Errata: The article wrote "Friday, February" 2 [ sic ] , but that Friday was Feb. 4 , the day before she visited the park.]
• ↑ "Historic Thomaslands" . National Trust of Guyana . The National Park, located in Thomas Lands, Georgetown, was formerly occupied by the Demerara (Georgetown) Golf Club since 1923. It was renamed the Queen Elizabeth II National Park in 1965 in honour of the Queen's visit to the country. On May 25, 1966, moments to midnight, the park was the scene for one of the most historic events in Guyana's history; the Union Jack was lowered and the Golden Arrow Head was hoisted marking the birth of an independent nation. The park occupies approximately 0.23 kilometres (57 acres) and is home to several monuments. It is utilized for cultural, educational and recreational activities and is managed by the National Parks Commission.
• ↑ "Commonwealth visits since 1952" . Official website of the British monarchy . Archived from the original on 12 April 2015 . Retrieved 4 September 2012 .
• ↑ "No. 39873" . The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 May 1953. p.   3023.
• 1 2 "Guyana: Heads of State: 1966-1970" . archontology.org . Retrieved 22 May 2021 .
• ↑ A notice on the issuing of a royal proclamation affecting the change in the style is published in the Official Gazette , 18 Jun 1966.
• ↑ The Statesman's Year-Book 1971-72: The Businessman's Encyclopaedia of All Nations , Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016, p.   58, ISBN   9780230271005
• Antigua and Barbuda
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Cameron, on U.S. Trip, Takes a Risk and Meets With Trump

David Cameron, the British foreign secretary, said he spoke with Donald Trump, the former, and possibly future, president, about Ukraine and the Israel-Gaza conflict.

By Mark Landler

Reporting from London

When Britain’s foreign secretary, David Cameron, went to Washington on Tuesday, he made all the usual stops, from the State Department to Capitol Hill. But it was his pilgrimage to Palm Beach, Fla., where he met former President Donald J. Trump for dinner on Monday evening at Mar-a-Lago, that grabbed most of the attention.

Mr. Cameron is the first top British government official to meet with Mr. Trump since he left the White House. His visit — ostensibly to cajole Mr. Trump into backing additional American military aid to Ukraine — attests to Mr. Trump’s influence over a far-right faction of House Republicans who have been holding up a vote.

It also underscores how the electoral calendar is affecting political dynamics on both sides of the Atlantic. Mr. Cameron, a onetime prime minister, has emerged as almost a shadow British leader abroad, standing in for Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who is busy with a looming general election at home.

In traveling to meet Mr. Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, Mr. Cameron was reaching out to a once, and potentially future, American president — one whose jaundiced views on Ukraine are seen as the biggest hurdle to the continuation of much-needed American aid for the Ukrainian military.

“We had a good meeting,” Mr. Cameron said of Mr. Trump, while standing alongside Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken after their own session at the State Department on Tuesday. “It was a private meeting.”

Mr. Cameron said he and Mr. Trump discussed Ukraine, the Israel-Gaza conflict and other geopolitical issues, but he declined to say whether he had made any headway on convincing Mr. Trump to provide additional aid to Ukraine. He said he delivered the same message he gives to other American leaders: “The best thing we can do this year is to keep the Ukrainians in this fight.”

Mr. Trump has not commented on the dinner, which included Britain’s ambassador to Washington, Karen Pierce. His campaign issued a statement saying they discussed “the need for NATO countries to meet their defense spending requirements and ending the killing in Ukraine.” They also shared their “mutual admiration for the late Queen Elizabeth II.”

So far, Mr. Cameron’s lobbying campaign in Washington has been met with decidedly mixed results. While he said he looked forward to meetings with Republicans in the House and Senate on Tuesday and Wednesday, he was not scheduled to meet with Speaker Mike Johnson, the Louisiana Republican who is the pivotal figure in scheduling a House vote on military aid to Ukraine.

The two men last met in December, when Mr. Cameron also saw Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene, the far-right Georgia Republican who stridently opposes further aid. Two months later, she lashed out at Mr. Cameron, saying he had accused Republicans of appeasing President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia.

“David Cameron needs to worry about his own country,” Ms. Taylor Greene said, adding an epithet.

At his news conference with Mr. Blinken, Mr. Cameron acknowledged that he viewed his visits to Capitol Hill with “great trepidation,” noting that, “It’s not for foreign politicians to tell legislators in another country what to do.”

Mr. Cameron played down the Mar-a-Lago meeting, saying it was routine for senior British and American officials to meet opposition candidates. As prime minister, he noted, he met with the Republican presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, when he came to London on a fund-raising trip. Mr. Blinken met the Labour Party leader, Keir Starmer, at a security conference in Munich.

Still, there is little routine about meeting a former president at the Palm Beach estate that served as his winter White House and is still his political bastion. Mr. Trump used Mar-a-Lago for summit meetings with foreign leaders like President Xi Jinping of China . More recently, he welcomed a like-minded leader, Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary .

Among Republicans, a pilgrimage to Mar-a-Lago has at times been an exercise in political validation. Kevin McCarthy, the former House speaker, went there three weeks after the attack on the Capitol in January 2021, in a fruitless bid to win Mr. Trump’s favor. Allies like Kristi Noem, the South Dakota governor, and Kari Lake, the Arizona TV anchor-turned-politician, are regular visitors.

Diplomats in Britain said Mr. Cameron’s visit was a risk, but characteristic of how he has approached his job from the start. On issues from Ukraine to Israel’s military campaign in Gaza, he has pushed the envelope in his public statements. With Britain’s Conservative government lagging Labour by double digits in the polls and facing voters in the fall, some said Mr. Cameron had little to lose.

“Flattering Trump about his importance and significance on this issue is an astute move on Cameron’s part,” said Simon Fraser, a former head of Britain’s Foreign Office. “Let’s see whether it delivers.”

Mr. Fraser predicted that Mr. Cameron’s visit would get a mixed reception in Britain: applauded by those who view it primarily through a foreign-policy lens; criticized by those, he said, “who can’t stand Trump.” But he said Mr. Cameron’s entree to Mr. Trump spoke to his network of global contacts, a legacy of his time as prime minister.

“He’s bringing more reach and energy and impact to British foreign policy,” Mr. Fraser said.

Leslie Vinjamuri, the director of the U.S. and Americas program at Chatham House, the British research institution, said, “It may not feel tasteful, but it’s shrewd, pragmatic politics of the kind Britain especially has historically been so good at, and probably of the kind that will work best with Trump.”

“There is a lot at stake in U.S. defense of Ukraine and Europe’s security,” she added, “and frankly, I think the effort to influence the U.S. may be wiser and more effective than the aspiration to Trump-proof Europe.”

Mr. Cameron has had a bumpy history with Mr. Trump. In 2016, as prime minister, he condemned Mr. Trump’s campaign proposal to place a temporary ban on allowing Muslims to enter the United States.

Asked in Parliament whether Mr. Trump should be banned from Britain, Mr. Cameron demurred but said, “His remarks are divisive, stupid and wrong, and I think if he came to visit our country, I think he’d unite us all against him.”

Even Mr. Cameron’s welcoming of Mr. Romney in 2012 had its awkward moments. Mr. Romney, who had organized the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, questioned whether London was ready to play host to the summer games, citing reports about security concerns.

“We are holding an Olympic Games in one of the busiest, most active, bustling cities anywhere in the world,” Mr. Cameron shot back. “Of course, it’s easier if you hold an Olympic Games in the middle of nowhere.”

Maggie Haberman contributed reporting.

An earlier version of this article misstated the year of the Winter Olympic Games that Mitt Romney had organized in Salt Lake City. It was the 2002 Games, not 1988.

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Mark Landler is the London bureau chief of The Times, covering the United Kingdom, as well as American foreign policy in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. He has been a journalist for more than three decades. More about Mark Landler