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How Far Can We Drive Each Day of our PCS?

Before permanent change of station (PCS) orders even hit your inbox you've likely already mapped out your route to your next duty station, and maybe even planned a detour to see friends or family along the way. But then you read the rules and feel confused: what is this talk about a 350 miles per-day limit?

The orders probably say something like, "Travel by privately owned vehicle is authorized....." followed by more details on reimbursement.

The orders may or may not have information on them about how many travel days you are allotted. But they will have the report date on them. A quick look at a map will show you how many hours of driving it will take to get there.

For example, if you're traveling Arizona to Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida, you'll be driving 1,573 miles. As you might guess, the military does not want you making this almost 23-hour drive in one go. They also don't want you to take two months getting there.

That's why the military created travel rules, with guidelines for how many days -- and overnight stops -- it should take a service member to get from point A to point B.

Related: 8 Tips to Prepare for Your First PCS Move

According to the Defense Travel website's FAQs , "A traveler who is authorized PCS travel by POV is allowed one day of travel for the first 400 miles between authorized points. For any distance greater than 400 miles, the traveler is allowed another day of travel for every additional 350 miles. See the JTR, par. 050205."

That's the calculation the military uses for determining how many travel days they'll pay for. For the 1,573 mile trip, you are authorized to take 5 travel days. (If the remainder of the mileage divided by 350 is more than 51, add a day.)

But what's really important is that you arrive and sign-in on your report date. If you take three days to get there or seven days to get there, it doesn't really matter. You'll get paid per diem for the five days.

Seasoned military spouses and service members have figured out that there's not much benefit to pushing the limits on this. The reason 350 miles is the recommended amount of miles a day is because that is approximately 6six hours a day at 60 miles-per-hour. That's not a lot if you are driving on the interstate at a higher speed than that. But it can really add up to long days if you're driving two vehicles, one of them hauling a trailer and the other with three kids, a dog and a cat.

Six hours of driving a day for eight days is a lot. The military doesn't want you to push it to the point of exhaustion. They want to give you wiggle room to stop early if you're tired and to allow for flat tires or vehicle repairs.

But that doesn't mean you can't manipulate the timeframe a little to your advantage. For example, on that trip from Fort Huachuca to Pensacola, you may be able to plan some longer days, and then take a day in San Antonio and hit up Sea World.

Most importantly, drive carefully, plan your stops ahead of time and make the most of where this journey takes you.

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Rebecca Alwine

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March 27, 2024 - Baltimore Key Bridge collapse

By Kathleen Magramo , Antoinette Radford, Alisha Ebrahimji , Maureen Chowdhury , Elise Hammond , Tori B. Powell and Aditi Sangal , CNN

Our live coverage of the Baltimore bridge collapse has moved here .

Here's what you should know about the Key Bridge collapse

From CNN staff

Officials recovered the bodies of two construction workers who were on Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge when it collapsed early Tuesday morning after a 984-foot-long cargo ship collided into a pillar.

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore called the collapse Wednesday " a global crisis ."

"The national economy and the world's economy depends on the Port of Baltimore. The port handles more cars and more farm equipment than any other port in the country," Moore said.

Here's what you should know:

• The victims: The six people who are presumed dead were from Mexico Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, according to Col. Roland L. Butler Jr, the superintendent of Maryland State Police. Two bodies were recovered and have been identified as Alejandro Hernandez Fuentes from Mexico and Dorlian Ronial Castillo Cabrera from Guatemala. The two workers were filling potholes on the bridge and were later found trapped in a red pickup truck in about 25 feet of water, Butler said. The FBI is handling notifying the victims' families, Butler said.
• Recovery efforts: Authorities are pausing search efforts for the four other workers who are presumed dead, because additional vehicles are encased in concrete and other debris, making it unsafe for divers, Butler said. Once salvage operations clear the debris, divers will search for more remains, he said.
• The investigation: The National Transportation Safety Board is leading the investigation into the fatal incident, according to the agency's chair Jennifer Homendy. During a Wednesday news conference, Homendy said there were 21 crew members and two pilots on board the Dali cargo ship when it crashed into the bridge. She also said a senior NTSB hazmat investigator identified 56 containers of hazardous material, and that some containers are in the water. The agency received six hours of voyage data from the ship and the investigation could take 12 to 24 months to complete, Homendy said. She emphasized that NTSB will not analyze information collected or provide conclusions while on scene of the collapse.
• Looking forward: Department of Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said rebuilding the bridge will not be "quick or easy" but that it will get done. He said there are four main focus points ahead: reopening the port, dealing with supply chain issues until its reopening, rebuilding the bridge and dealing with traffic issues until the bridge is rebuilt. Biden  pledged the full support  of the federal government in the response and recovery efforts. His administration has already conveyed a sense of urgency to open up federal funding to remove debris and ultimately rebuild the bridge. Maryland has submitted a request to the Biden administration for emergency relief funds "to assist in our work going forward," Moore said Wednesday.

It's almost impossible to place people on the bow of ship due to the unstable structure, fire official says

 From CNN's Sarah Engel

Baltimore City Fire Chief James Wallace said Wednesday that the cargo ship's bridge structure and containers at the bow remain unstable.

"It's going to be very difficult, if not impossible, and very dangerous, to place people on the bow of that boat right now," Wallace told CNN's Kaitlan Collins.

"Naturally, we're still very cognizant of the fact that there are hazardous materials on board the vessel itself," Wallace said, alluding to the National Transportation Safety Board saying earlier that 56 containers were carrying hazardous materials.

Wallace said his team is relying heavily on aerial recognizance, including drones. "That's the only way we're able to see in," he said.  

He added that the aerial surveillance has "been able to really assure us right now we have no [chemical] reactions on board." 

"It's just utter devastation," NTSB chief says of the bridge collapse site

From CNN's Aditi Sangal

Jennifer Homendy, chair of the National Transportation Safety Board, called the site of the Key Bridge collapse "devastating."

"It's pretty devastating, certainly, seeing not just what's going on with the cargo containers, but just looking at what was a bridge span — three bridge spans that is pretty much gone. It's just utter devastation," she said at Wednesday evening's news briefing.

She added that she is thinking of families who lost loved ones and those who are waiting to reunite with their lived ones.

NTSB interviewed the Dali's captain and some other crew members today, agency chief says

The National Transportation Safety Board has interviewed the ship's captain, his mate, the chief engineer and one other engineer today, according to Chair Jennifer Homendy.

The two pilots on board the Dali at the time of collision will be interviewed tomorrow, she added.

Cargo ship's voyage data recorder is basic when compared to an airplane's, NTSB chair says

From CNN's Tori B. Powell

The voyage data recorder on the cargo ship Dali was a "newer model" but is considered basic when compared to that on an airplane, according to National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy.

"But it is very basic compared to say, a flight data recorder, where we would have 1,000 parameters," she said at a news conference on Wednesday.

The NTSB chief investigator Marcel Muise added:

"It's not a ship-wide system recorder, so most of the sensors that are being recorded are from the bridge. So things like GPS, the audio, rudder feedback, rudder commands are recorded on there. But not engineering, the temperature of each cylinder, power distribution sensors."

There were no tug boats with Dali at the time of the collision. That's normal, NTSB chief says

There were no tugs with Dali when the cargo vessel collided with Baltimore's Key Bridge, which is normal protocol, according to National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy.

Remember: At 01:26:39 on Tuesday, Dali's pilot made a general very high frequency (VHF) radio call for tugs in the vicinity to assist, the NTSB investigator Marcel Muise had said.

"The tugs help the vessel leave the dock, leave the port and get into the main ship channel. And then they leave. Once it's on its way, it's a straight shot through the channel. So there are no tugs with the vessel at the time. So they were calling for tugs," she said.

NTSB chair says she saw some containers that were carrying hazardous materials in the water

National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy said she did see some of the 56 containers that were carrying hazardous materials in the water.

When asked how many

When asked how many containers of hazardous materials were in the water, Homendy said:

"I did see some containers in the water, and some breached significantly on the vessel itself," she said. "I don't have an exact number, but it's something that we can provide in an update."

Homendy said that a preliminary report should be out in two to four weeks.

This post has been updated with more quotes from Homendy.

Bridge did not have any redundancy, unlike the preferred method for building bridges today, NTSB chair says

Baltimore's Key Bridge did not have any redundancy, which is included in the preferred method of building bridges in the present day, according to National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy.

"The bridge is a fracture critical," she explained. "What that means is if a member fails that would likely cause a portion of, or the entire bridge, to collapse, there's no redundancy. The preferred method for building bridges today is that there is redundancy built in, whether that's transmitting loads to another member or some sort of structural redundancy. This bridge did not have redundancy," Homendy said.

There are 17,468 fracture critical bridges in the United States out of 615,000 bridges total, she said, citing the Federal Highway Administration.

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‘A Lot of Chaos’: Bridge Collapse Creates Upheaval at Largest U.S. Port for Car Trade

A bridge collapse closed Baltimore’s port, an important trade hub that ranks first in the nation by the volume of automobiles and light trucks it handles.

• Share full article

Shipping in the Port of Baltimore

Monthly cargo handled by the Port of Baltimore

By Peter Eavis and Jenny Gross

• March 26, 2024

The Baltimore bridge disaster on Tuesday upended operations at one of the nation’s busiest ports, with disruptions likely to be felt for weeks by companies shipping goods in and out of the country — and possibly by consumers as well.

The upheaval will be especially notable for auto makers and coal producers for whom Baltimore has become one of the most vital shipping destinations in the United States.

As officials began to investigate why a nearly 1,000-foot cargo ship ran into the Francis Scott Key Bridge in the middle of the night, companies that transport goods to suppliers and stores scrambled to get trucks to the other East Coast ports receiving goods diverted from Baltimore. Ships sat idle elsewhere, unsure where and when to dock.

“It’s going to cause a lot of chaos,” said Paul Brashier, vice president for drayage and intermodal at ITS Logistics.

The closure of the Port of Baltimore is the latest hit to global supply chains, which have been strained by monthslong crises at the Panama Canal, which has had to slash traffic because of low water levels; and the Suez Canal, which shipping companies are avoiding because of attacks by the Houthis on vessels in the Red Sea.

The auto industry now faces new supply headaches.

Last year, 570,000 vehicles were imported through Baltimore, according to Sina Golara, an assistant professor of supply chain management at Georgia State University. “That’s a huge amount,” he said, equivalent to nearly a quarter of the current inventory of new cars in the United States.

The Baltimore port handled a record amount of foreign cargo last year, and it was the 17th biggest port in the nation overall in 2021, ranked by total tons, according to Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

Baltimore Ranks in the Top 20 U.S. Ports

Total trade in 2021 in millions of tons

Baltimore ranks first in the United States for the volume of automobiles and light trucks it handles, and for vessels that carry wheeled cargo, including farm and construction machinery, according to a statement by Gov. Wes Moore of Maryland last month.

The incident is another stark reminder of the vulnerability of the supply chains that transport consumer products and commodities around the world.

The extent of the disruption depends on how long it takes to reopen shipping channels into the port of Baltimore. Experts estimate it could take several weeks.

Baltimore is not a leading port for container ships, and other ports can likely absorb traffic that was headed to Baltimore, industry officials said.

Stephen Edwards, the chief executive of the Port of Virginia, said it was expecting a vessel on Tuesday that was previously bound for Baltimore, and that others would soon follow. “Between New York and Virginia, we have sufficient capacity to handle all this cargo,” Mr. Edwards said, referring to container ships.

“Shipping companies are very agile,” said Jean-Paul Rodrigue, a professor in the department of maritime business administration at Texas A&M University-Galveston. “In two to three days, it will be rerouted.”

But other types of cargo could remain snarled.

Alexis Ellender, a global analyst at Kpler, a commodities analytics firm, said he expected the port closure to cause significant disruption of U.S. exports of coal. Last year, about 23 million metric tons of coal exports were shipped from the port of Baltimore, about a quarter of all seaborne U.S. coal shipments. About 12 vessel had been expected to leave the port of Baltimore in the next week or so carrying coal, according to Kpler.

He noted that it would not make a huge dent on the global market, but he added that “the impact is significant for the U.S. in terms of loss of export capacity.”

“You may see coal cargoes coming from the mines being rerouted to other ports instead,” he said, with a port in Norfolk, Va., the most likely.

If auto imports are reduced by Baltimore’s closure, inventories could run low, particularly for models that are in high demand.

“We are initiating discussions with our various transportation providers on contingency plans to ensure an uninterrupted flow of vehicles to our customers and will continue to carefully monitor this situation,” Stellantis, which owns Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep and Ram, said in a statement.

Other ports have the capacity to import cars, but there may not be enough car transporters at those ports to handle the new traffic.

“You have to make sure the capacity exists all the way in the supply chain — all the way to the dealership,” said Mr. Golara, the Georgia State professor.

A looming battle is insurance payouts, once legal liability is determined. The size of the payout from the insurer is likely to be significant and will depend on factors including the value of the bridge, the scale of loss of life compensation owed to families of people who died, the damage to the vessel and disruption to the port.

The ship’s insurer, Britannia P&I Club, part of a global group of insurers, said in a statement that it was “working closely with the ship manager and relevant authorities to establish the facts and to help ensure that this situation is dealt with quickly and professionally.”

The port has also increasingly catered to large container ships like the Dali, the 948-foot-long cargo vessel carrying goods for the shipping giant Maersk that hit a pillar of the bridge around 1:30 a.m. on Tuesday. The Dali had spent two days in Baltimore’s port before setting off toward the 1.6-mile Francis Scott Key Bridge.

State-owned terminals, managed by the Maryland Port Administration, and privately owned terminals in Baltimore transported a record 52.3 million tons of foreign cargo in 2023, worth $80 billion.

Materials transported in large volumes through the city’s port include coal, coffee and sugar. It was the ninth-busiest port in the nation last year for receiving foreign cargo, in terms of volume and value.

The bridge’s collapse will also disrupt cruises traveling in and out of Baltimore. Norwegian Cruise Line last year began a new fall and winter schedule calling at the Port of Baltimore.

An earlier version of this article misstated the Port of Baltimore’s rank among U.S. ports. It was the nation’s 17th biggest port by total tons in 2021, not the 20th largest.

How we handle corrections

Peter Eavis reports on business, financial markets, the economy and companies across different sectors. More about Peter Eavis

Jenny Gross is a reporter for The Times in London covering breaking news and other topics. More about Jenny Gross

Ukraine war latest: Moscow 'very likely' behind GPS disruptions; Russian personnel 'killed or injured' in Ukrainian strikes

Ukraine conducted "coordinated strikes" on a military airbase inside Russia overnight, a Ukrainian military source has told Sky News. The operation, which took place early this morning, included attacks against Russian SU-34 fighter-bombers.

Friday 5 April 2024 17:01, UK

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• Ukraine conducts 'coordinated strikes' on military airbase inside Russia, source tells Sky News 
• As many as 20 airfield personnel 'killed or injured' | 'Six Russian warplanes destroyed'
• Explained: What is the Morozovsk airfield?
• Russia 'very likely responsible' for Baltic GPS disruptions, Germany says
• Kyiv denies Russian forces have reached eastern town | Moscow claims control of another village
• Explained: How the war has strayed outside Ukraine's borders
• Big picture : What's happening with war?

That's it for our coverage for today, but before we go - let's recap the day's key happenings. 

Airbase strikes

By far the biggest story of the day is regarding overnight Ukrainian strikes on an airfield inside Russia - news we broke exclusively here at Sky News via our  Ukraine producer  Artem Lysak and  security and defence editor  Deborah Haynes.

Ukrainian sources have since indicated that as many as 20 Russian service personnel were killed or wounded in the attack on Morozovsk airfield in Rostov. 

Up to eight aircraft were damaged, while as many as six were destroyed completely, Ukrainian sources claimed.

The airbase has been the staging post for Russian bombings on the frontline since the beginning of the full-scale invasion in 2022.

It is home to the 559th Bomber Aviation Regiment within the 1st Guards Composite Aviation Division.

This unit has three squadrons of SU-34s which are regularly used to bomb Ukrainian forces on the frontline.

Claim that nuclear plant targeted again

Russia has once again claimed that Ukraine has tried to attack the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. 

Critical infrastructure was not thought to have been damaged despite the drone attack, state media quoted the plant's Moscow-installed management as saying. 

Both Ukraine and Russia have accused the other of trying to create a nuclear disaster by attacking the plant - which has been under Moscow's control since the early days of the war.

Separately - and not thought to be linked to the war in Ukraine - authorities in the far eastern Russian city of Khabarovsk have declared an emergency after radiation was detected in the area.

No one has been injured or exposed to radiation and there is no risk to public health, TASS quoted the local branch of Russia's consumer safety watchdog as saying.

Russian advances? 

Russia reported advances in two areas of Donetsk. 

The defence ministry said Russian troops had reached the suburbs of the town of Chasiv Yar - which was denied by Ukraine. 

Kyiv did note fighting in the area, however. 

Additionally and without providing details or evidence, the ministry said troops had also captured the village of Vodyane, which is just northwest of Donetsk city and slightly southwest of Avdiivka. 

Ukraine is yet to respond to the claims regarding Vodyane.

Lord Cameron will travel to the US next week where he will urge politicians to approve a package of military aid for Ukraine.

The foreign secretary said he would meet with Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson to urge him to pass the bill - which he has held up for months. 

"Britain has put forward its money for Ukraine this year, so has the European Union. America needs to do it," he said on X. 

"Speaker Johnson can make it happen in Congress. I am going to go see him next week and say we need that money, Ukraine needs that money."

The bill, worth some $95bn (£75bn), was approved by the Democrat-led Senate on 13 February, but has faced stiff opposition in the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.

Both houses of Congress must approve the bill before President Biden can sign it into law. 

Some $60bn (£47bn) of the package is allocated for military aid for Ukraine alone. 

However, former president Donald Trump and his Republican allies in Congress want funding directed toward domestic issues such as border control, rather than on foreign wars. 

Several Russian personnel have been expelled from the NATO headquarters, secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg has said. 

It is not clear when the expulsions took place. 

"We realised that they were carrying out activities that were not actually diplomatic work, but intelligence work," Mr Stoltenberg told Bild . 

He did not say how many had been expelled, nor offer any detail as to what intelligence they had gathered while at the NATO headquarters, which is located in Brussels. 

A Moscow court has placed an 11th suspect in last month's concert hall attack in pre-trial detention, Russian officials have said.

The suspect, Muhammad Zoir Sharipzoda, a Tajik national, is accused of committing a terrorist act, the court said.

At least 144 people were killed when the so-called IS-K targeted the venue - which is just outside Moscow - at the end of last month.

This morning, Russia's investigative committee claimed it had recovered images from the phone of one of the shooters, which it said may indicate a connection between the Ukraine war and the attack (see 8.29am post). 

Ukraine has strenuously denied any involvement after repeated Russian accusations, including from Vladimir Putin, that Kyiv was involved or aware of the attack in some capacity. 

The West has similarly dismissed suggestions Kyiv was involved and several leaders have accused Russia of using the attack as an excuse to expand its operations in Ukraine. 

At least two people have died and six have been injured by a Russian attack in Zaporizhzhia, the head of Ukraine's military administration for the region has said. 

A nine-year-old boy was among the injured, while the dead are a man and a woman of unspecified age, Ivan Fedorov said on Telegram.

The boy's mother, 36, was also injured, alongside young men in their 20s and a man and woman in their 50s.

Mr Fedorov did not say how the attack was carried out, and Russia has not commented on the claims. 

He shared this unverified image of the damage purportedly caused by the attack, but offered no details as to what the building was. 

As we reported in our 2.50pm post, Russia has claimed today that Ukraine has been trying to hit the nuclear power plant in Zaporizhzhia with drones. 

As we've been reporting throughout today, Ukraine launched a coordinated drone attack on an airbase inside Russian territory overnight. 

Ukrainian sources have indicated that as many as 20 Russian service personnel were killed or wounded in the attack on Morozovsk airfield in Rostov. 

This footage shows the attack...

In the latest in a string of accusations of a similar nature, Russia has again claimed that Ukraine has tried to attack the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. 

"The Ukrainian armed forces hit the territory of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant with several UAVs (drones)," Russian state media outlet TASS cites the station's Moscow-installed management as saying. 

However, critical infrastructure is not thought to have been damaged, it added. 

Ukraine has not responded to the latest accusations from Moscow - which are unverified.  

Russia is "very likely" to have been behind a series of disturbances affecting GPS navigation in the Baltic region, the German defence ministry has claimed. 

The ministry pointed to the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad as a source of the problem.

"The persistent disruptions to the global navigation satellite system are very likely of Russian origin and are based on disruptions in the electromagnetic spectrum, including those originating in the Kaliningrad Oblast," a spokesperson said.

However, the spokesperson did not offer any details as to how Berlin came to its conclusions and the Russian embassy in the country has not responded to a request for comment. 

Similarly last month, a government source said that Russia was believed to have jammed the satellite signal on an aircraft used by UK Defence Secretary Grant Shapps when it flew close to Kaliningrad.

Kaliningrad is a Russian territory wedged between Lithuania and Poland on the coast of the Baltic Sea.

These images show Russian troops fighting in unspecified locations on the frontlines of Moscow's war on Ukraine.

The Russian Ministry of Defence has reported steady advances in recent weeks, including today when it said troops had reached the suburbs of one town (see 9.25am post) and to have captured a village (see previous post). 

Ukraine has complained of "difficult" battlefield conditions with ammunition remaining scant, but has rejected many Russian claims about advances or settlement captures. 

Russia's defence ministry says its forces have captured another village in the Donetsk region.

Without providing details or evidence, the ministry said troops had captured Vodyane, which is just northwest of Donetsk city and slightly southwest of Avdiivka. 

This follows a series of statements from Moscow claiming to have seized settlements in a broad advance following the fall of the city of Avdiivka into Russian hands in February. 

Ukraine has not responded to the latest claims about Vodyane. 

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