what environmental impact has tourism had on italy

How Does Tourism Affect the Environment in Italy?

By Michael Ferguson

Italy is a country that is famous for its rich cultural heritage, picturesque landscapes, and delicious cuisine. It’s no surprise that tourism is a major industry in Italy, with millions of visitors flocking to the country every year. However, this influx of tourists has a significant impact on the environment.

Environmental Impact of Tourism in Italy

Increase in Waste Production: With more tourists comes an increase in waste production. This includes everything from food waste to plastic bottles and packaging. The disposal of this waste has a negative impact on the environment and can lead to pollution.

Damage to Natural Landscapes: Tourists often visit areas of natural beauty such as mountains, beaches, and forests. However, their presence can have an adverse effect on these environments. Foot traffic can cause erosion and damage to vegetation, while littering can harm wildlife.

Increased Energy Consumption: The hospitality industry is one of the largest consumers of energy in Italy. Hotels and restaurants require large amounts of energy for heating, cooling, lighting, and cooking. This leads to increased carbon emissions which contribute to climate change.

Sustainable Tourism Practices

To mitigate the negative impact of tourism on the environment, sustainable tourism practices need to be implemented. Here are some examples:

Eco-Friendly Accommodations: Hotels can adopt eco-friendly practices such as using renewable energy sources like solar power or wind power, reducing water usage by installing low-flow showerheads and toilets, and recycling waste.

Promotion of Public Transportation: Encouraging tourists to use public transportation such as buses or trains instead of renting cars can significantly reduce carbon emissions.

Educational Programs: Educating tourists about environmental conservation and sustainable tourism practices can help raise awareness about the impact they have on the environment.

The Bottom Line

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A couple takes a selfie in front of the Fontana di Trevi in Rome, Italy, on June 28, 2021.(Photo: Xinhua)

Tourists visit the Colosseum in Rome, Italy, on June 28, 2021.(Photo: Xinhua)

People enjoy the scenery from a viewing platform in Rome, Italy, May 15, 2021.(Photo: Xinhua)

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Sustainable Tourism in Italy: Preserving the Beauty for Future Generations

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March 13, 2024

Italy, the land of unparalleled beauty, rich history, and exquisite cuisine, has long been a magnet for travelers worldwide. However, with the rise of environmental consciousness, the concept of sustainable tourism in Italy has gained momentum, urging us to explore and enjoy destinations while preserving their natural and cultural heritage.   

In this comprehensive guide, we delve into sustainable tourism in Italy, exploring its definition, current state, green initiatives, and expert tips for traveling responsibly to places like Rome and the Vatican , Florence , Venice , and more!  

Table of Contents

Sustainable tourism definition

Sustainable tourism in Italy aims to minimize the negative impacts of travel to the many landmark sites in throughout the country. Photo credit: SK

Sustainable tourism, also known as eco-tourism or responsible tourism, aims to minimize the negative impacts of travel on the environment, culture, and economy of a destination while maximizing the benefits for local communities and ecosystems. It emphasizes principles of conservation, community involvement, and respect for local cultures.  

In recent years, sustainable tourism has garnered significant attention and importance due to several factors. One major catalyst for this shift is the growing awareness of environmental issues such as climate change, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. As travelers become more conscious of their ecological footprint, there is a rising demand for travel experiences that align with their values of environmental stewardship and conservation.  

Additionally, there has been a growing recognition among governments, businesses, and tourism stakeholders of the need to address the negative impacts of mass tourism. Overcrowding, pollution, habitat destruction, and cultural commodification are some of the adverse effects associated with conventional tourism practices. Sustainable tourism offers an alternative model that seeks to mitigate these impacts through responsible planning, management, and consumption.  

Facts and figures about sustainable tourism in Italy

Italy is home to 55 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the world famous Colosseum in Rome. Photo credit: Federico Di Dio

Italy, with its diverse landscapes, cultural treasures, and historical landmarks, is a prime destination for sustainable tourism. According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Italy welcomed over 63 million international tourists in 2019, making it one of the most visited countries in the world.   

However, this influx of visitors also poses challenges in terms of environmental degradation and overtourism, which is why there has been a concerted effort by the government, local authorities and other organizations to improve sustainable tourism in Italy.  

To understand how sustainable tourism in Italy can be promoted in coming years, it’s important to be aware of what the country is like and how many visitors it receives on an annual basis:  

• Over 60% of Italy’s land is mountainous , comprising the Alps and the Apennines, which are vital ecosystems supporting biodiversity.  
• Italy boasts 55 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including cultural landmarks like the Colosseum in Rome and natural wonders like the Amalfi Coast .  
• Tourism contributes to approximately 13% of Italy’s GDP , highlighting its significance to the national economy.  

However, the environmental impact of tourism cannot be overlooked. According to a report by the European Environment Agency , tourism accounts for around 5% of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions, mainly due to transportation and accommodation, proving the need to step up attempts to provide more sustainable tourism in Italy.   

Sustainable tourism in Italy: How to travel in an eco-friendly way

Traveling on public transport is one of the ways you can help promote sustainable tourism in Italy. Photo credit: Marco Chilese

Traveling sustainably in Italy involves making conscious choices that minimize your carbon footprint and support local communities. Here are some tips for eco-conscious travelers:  

• Choose Eco-Friendly Accommodation: Opt for hotels, guesthouses, or agriturismi (farm stays) that have implemented sustainable practices such as energy efficiency, waste reduction, and local sourcing.  
• Use Public Transportation: Italy boasts an extensive network of trains, buses, and ferries, making it easy to explore the country without relying on private cars. Trains, in particular, are an efficient and eco-friendly way to travel between cities.  
• Embrace Slow Travel : Instead of trying to see everything in a short amount of time, slow down and immerse yourself in one region at a time. This not only reduces your carbon emissions but also allows you to experience the local culture more deeply.  
• Support Local Businesses : Dine at family-owned trattorias, shop at local markets , and participate in community-based tours to support the livelihoods of residents and reduce the environmental impact of mass tourism.  
• Reduce Waste: Carry a reusable water bottle, tote bag, and utensils to minimize single-use plastic consumption. Dispose of waste responsibly and participate in recycling programs whenever possible.  

Green initiatives in Italy

Sustainable wine tourism is just one of a number of green initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable tourism in Italy.

There are currently a number of green initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable tourism in Italy and preserving its natural and cultural heritage. Some notable examples include:  

• Italy Green Travel: This initiative encourages travelers to explore Italy’s lesser-known destinations and engage in eco-friendly activities such as hiking, biking, and wildlife watching.  
• Sustainable Wine Tourism : Many wineries across Italy such as in Rome, Venice and Florence ,  have adopted sustainable practices in vineyard management, water conservation, and energy efficiency. Visitors can enjoy wine tours that highlight these eco-friendly efforts.  
• Certified Eco-Friendly Accommodation : The Italian Touring Club (Touring Club Italiano) awards an “Ospitalità Italiana” certification to hotels and bed-and-breakfasts that meet strict sustainability criteria, including energy efficiency, waste management, and use of local products.  
• Slow Food Movement: Originating in Italy, the Slow Food movement promotes the preservation of traditional culinary practices, local ingredients, and small-scale producers. Travelers can support this movement by dining at Slow Food-approved restaurants and attending food festivals.  

Tips and advice from experts about sustainable tourism in Italy

Switching from paper vouchers to using barcodes on your mobile can have a big impact on the environment. Photo credit: Mika Baumeister

To gain insights into sustainable tourism in Italy, we consulted with experts in the field who work for Walks and have made significant efforts to make eco-friendly changes.   

One such tourism expert, Riccardo Bettella, Senior Central Ops Manager, said : “Here in Venice, we stopped printing vouchers for attractions that utilise a barcode scanner and encouraged our guides to use those vouchers through their smartphones. It was a successful changeover – even the more ‘technophobic’ guides agreed with it!  

“Our coordinators don’t print the client list any longer for “easy” coordinations – they used a special easy-to-use coordinator portal Walks has developed on their phones! That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind!”  

What does Walks do to promote sustainable tourism in Italy?

Here at Walks, we promote local food and wine vendors on our tours. Photo credit: Priscilla Du Preez

Here at Walks, we are aware of our role in promoting sustainable tourism in Italy and across all the destination we operate in. As an example of what we do to promote that, here are just a few examples of what we do in terms of supporting eco-tourism:   

• Operating in small groups: The average group size of a Walks tour is about 15!  
• Employing local tour guides … who offer a real connection to the history and culture of an area.  
• Offering an alternative take on well-known attractions : Many of our tours take place outside normal hours (such as the Premium Colosseum Tour and After-hours at St. Mark’s Basilica )  
• Promoting local food and wine vendors : Our local food and wine tours and cultural experiences, like our famous pasta making classes, encourage people to go off the regular tourist trail and to try new ingredients and local produce offered by local merchants.  
• Using the latest technologies: Our offices are moving towards being paper-free workplaces – and there are other inventive ways we’re going paper-free on the ground.  
• Giving back to the community : Walks has supported local charities, restoration efforts, and sustainable travel organizations in many of our destinations. Some of these include: American Institute For Roman Culture , Equovento , Fondation Patrimoine for Notre-Dame , The Metropolitan Museum of Art , and The Victorian Alliance of San Francisco .  

In conclusion, sustainable tourism in Italy is not just a trend; it’s a commitment to preserving the country’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and way of life for generations to come.   

By embracing responsible travel practices, supporting local initiatives, and experiencing Italy’s wonders at a slower pace , travelers can leave a positive impact on the environment and contribute to the sustainable development of this timeless destination.  

So, let’s embark on this journey together, treading lightly and leaving only footprints behind . Buon viaggio!  

by Karen Birney

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• 02 November 2021

Assessing Italy’s climate risk

• Stella Levantesi

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28 October 2021. Huge waves hit the quayside of the peninsula of Ortygia hours before the Medicane hits land on October 28, 2021 in Syracuse, Italy. Credit: Sanne Derks/Getty Images News

According to the European Severe Weather Database, Italy was hit by 1499 extreme weather events in 2020 compared to 380 extreme weather events in 2010. They epitomize what is at stake in the COP26 negotiations starting this week in Glasgow, organized by Italy and the United Kingdom. Nature Italy discussed the changing climate with Donatella Spano, a professor at the Department of Agriculture at Università di Sassari, and a senior member of the Strategic Council of the Euro Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change (CMCC).

What do recent extreme events say about Italy’s vulnerability in the future?

Future scenarios tell us that such situations will intensify if no action is taken. More intense rainfall, increase in temperatures, more consecutive days without rain, heat waves, will all affect the Italian territory, with negative effects for agriculture, forests, and even the hydrological system. And of course, consequent social, economic and health risks. The whole territory is exposed, but with differences depending on the geographical area. What is happening in Sicily is a good example.

How will a warmer climate affect agriculture and forests in Italy?

Rising temperatures and a change in the distribution of rainfall influence the life cycle of plants, the welfare of livestock and water availability. We are already witnessing a reduction in yields, especially for crops with a spring-summer cycle such as corn or wheat. But we must consider that Italy is a peninsula, that has different geographical and climate characteristics. There are regions in the south that are more prone to drought than the northern parts, and this also increases the water requirements of crops. In general, models tell us that crops could benefit from the fertilizing effect of an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. But this is true only if water resources are available and soil fertility is kept high. Where climate change causes an increase in temperatures and a change in the rainfall regime, it is difficult to maintain what we call production factors, i.e., water availability, nutrients or control of the spread of pathogens. As far as forests are concerned, we’re already experiencing an increase in fire risk, up to 20%, and a lengthening of the fire season. There is also an increase in the area covered by fire, especially in the south where the vegetation is drier and more flammable.

Donatella Spano

You recently co-authored a study on the climate risks of six Italian cities. Most modelling studies are done at the regional or global level. How did you achieve that level of detail?

Urban systems are very complex, and in order to understand what their hotspots are it is necessary to have such a detailed analysis. We combined data from several sources and used climate and physical modeling to reach a resolution of two kilometers, for example showing which areas in each city are more exposed to flooding, or where ‘heat islands’ are located. This can provide tools for urban planning, for example by showing which areas need special protection for the population, or if it is better not to build houses in an area and allocate it to other activities. We started this study with the most populated cities, and with Venice for its cultural value, but we plan to continue with other cities.

This year’s Nobel Prize for physics went to climate modellers. What did it mean for climatologists, and what are the Italian contributions to the climatology community?

This Nobel prize is very important for helping people believe in the soundness of climate science, which I see as a pillar of our future together with health. In Italy, we have managed particularly well to combine the physical study of temperature, precipitation and other indicators with applied sciences, biology and engineering. If we want to study agriculture, forests, water or hydrogeological instability, all these sciences can no longer work separately. The creation of the CMCC had this purpose, and the Italian Society of Climate Sciences also has this interdisciplinary aspect.

There is often a doomsday narrative on climate issues, suggesting that the situation is so dramatic that it may be too late to act. Do you think it is effective?

It is not effective and it is wrong, it is not too late to act. We have to act now though. The G20 in Rome and COP26 are two crucial political passages in this sense, and the scientific community has a responsibility to deliver clear and correct messages to politicians. Ahead of the G20, for example, we [at the CMCC] have published an Atlas highlighting impacts and risks for the 20 member countries. This is without a doubt the decisive COP, and from a scientific point of view it is important that negotiations consider the intermediate scenarios [rather than only the worst-case] in order to push climate action and mitigation.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d43978-021-00136-0

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

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How the Climate Crisis is Impacting Italy

Italy can position itself as a leader and benefit from the transition to a low-carbon economy. it just has to stand up now for a safer, more sustainable future powered by clean energy..

The climate crisis is intensifying extreme weather events like heat waves, droughts, floods, and storms all around the world. These events damage property, disrupt lives and livelihoods, and can even be deadly.

Italy is one country that’s on the front lines of extreme weather events and other impacts due to the climate crisis – and it’s having a cascading impact on the European nation, affecting everything from public health to agriculture and infrastructure.

Rising Temperatures

Average annual temperatures in Italy have risen by 1 degree Celsius in the last 100 years, according to the International Energy Agency , with an even faster increase in recent decades.

This warming has been especially prevalent in the spring and summer, at high altitudes, and has resulted in more and more heat waves baking the peninsula. Indeed, heat waves have become a major, pressing concern for Italy as our climate continues to change.

Last summer, a heat wave the Italian Meteorological Society named “Cerberus” – the  three-headed monster from Dante’s “Inferno” – baked Italy with temperatures soaring past 45°C (113° Fahrenheit) in some parts of the country. The long-lasting “ heat dome ” became so intense that Italy’s health ministry “issued a red alert (meaning ‘risk of death’) in 27 cities,” CNN reports .

Important tourism centers like Rome, Florence, and Bologna were among them. Later that same summer (2023), in northern Italy, Milan posted its highest average daily temperature in 260 years.

Heat waves have a severe impact on public health, worker safety, and infrastructure, in Italy and beyond.

They cause a significant rise in heat-related illnesses and deaths, particularly among vulnerable populations like the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing health conditions. Working outdoors during extreme heat is especially dangerous.

In 2022, over 18,000 heat-related fatalities were reported in Italy. In total, 61,672 deaths across Europe were attributed to the heat in what was said to be Europe’s hottest summer on record .

High temperatures and dry conditions (more on that below) are also creating the perfect conditions for wildfires, damaging property and ecosystems and creating poor air quality. At least four people died across southern Italy and on the island of Sicily in 2023 as numerous fires burned across the Mediterranean region – something that has become an unfortunate yearly phenomenon.

And at the same time, while air conditioning isn't as common in Italy as it is in some other countries, use is growing , putting a strain on energy grids and even leading to blackouts in major cities like Rome as people try to stay cool amid the increasingly oppressive temperatures.

The story of extreme heat and Italy looks increasingly dire – unless we take fast action to slash emissions. If the world continues on a high-emissions pathway, by 2050, average annual temperatures in Italy could increase by as much as 2.4°C , making extreme weather events like the heat waves and wildfires the country is currently seeing even more frequent and severe.

Increased temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns are causing more frequent droughts in some parts of Italy, while other regions experience extreme flooding. This creates major disruptions for agriculture, water supplies, and even energy generation.

Drought, in particular, has become a growing problem for Italy in recent years.

“The drought that hit northern Italy in 2022 was unprecedented in more than two centuries, and is part of a long-term trend of more frequent and severe drought in the area,” Nature writes .

The year 2022 was particularly severe , with the Po River, Italy's longest and most vitally important river, experiencing record low water levels. This dry-out, in turn, put as much as 40% of Italy’s agriculture sector in jeopardy.

Italian agriculture is a crucial sector for the economy and national identity – and reduced water availability because of drought harms crops and leads to harvest losses and economic hardship for farmers . The 2022 drought in northern Italy alone caused as much as €6 billion ($6.5 billion US) in agricultural damage and jeopardized thousands of farms.

Also impaired by water shortages, particularly in mighty rivers like the Po: electricity generation.

Hydropower is a significant source of energy in Italy, providing nearly one-fifth of the nation’s energy demands . When droughts reduce water flow in rivers, hydropower generation capacity suffers – in Italy, “From January to May 2022, hydro production fell by about 40 percent compared to the corresponding period in 2021,” according to AFP ( via Phys.org ).

This can worsen energy shortages more broadly, especially when it comes at a time when it’s combined with other factors – like Italy’s desire to cut back on its dependence on Russian gas following that nation’s invasion of Ukraine.

Looking ahead, experts predict that droughts will likely become more frequent and intense in Italy due to the climate crisis. Alongside the agricultural and energy generation-related impacts discussed above, these dry conditions will also further increase the risk of wildfires like those the nation has seen the last several years.

On the flip side of this particular coin, “ climate change’s all-or-nothing weather extremes ” have meant that some areas of Italy have experienced deadly flooding at the same time that others have remained parched.

 “The coastal region of Emilia-Romagna was struck twice, first by heavy rain two weeks ago on drought-parched ground that could not absorb it, causing rivers to overflow overnight, followed by this week’s deluge that killed 14 and caused damages estimated in the billions of euros,” the AP News writes . “In a changing climate, more rain is coming, but it’s falling on fewer days in less useful and more dangerous downpours.”

This dynamic of precipitation extremes is likely to only be amplified across Italy as our world continues to warm.

Sea Level Rise

Italy is a peninsula and island nation, with 7,600 km (about 4,700 miles) of coastline – the fifth longest in Europe and 14 th longest in the world. It touches the Mediterranean, Ionian, and Adriatic seas.

And sea levels are rising. Why?

It’s simple: As humans burn more and more fossil fuels, the world is getting warmer, leading glaciers and land ice in places like Greenland and West Antarctica to break apart and melt. The melted ice becomes water that flows into the oceans, and all that extra water then causes sea levels to rise.

Sea level rise for Italy has been estimated at 1.64 millimeters (0.06 inches) per year since 1903. By 2050, under a low-emissions scenario, sea levels in Italy may rise 0.18 meters (more than half a foot) and as much as 0.23 meters under a high-emissions scenario.

This increase in sea levels has been most acutely felt in one of Italy’s most historic (and important to tourism) cities: Venice.

Venice is made up of over 118 small islands and sits in a lagoon in the Adriatic Sea. And at the same time that seas are rising, the city is sinking . The city is built on an unstable foundation – one that is naturally subsiding.

“The foundations of Venice's buildings are constructed using a system of piles,” the BBC writes , “long lengths of timber that are pushed vertically into the loose mud and clay of the lagoon below. The solid bedrock of the lagoon is far further below the surface than this mud, so the foundations are being pushed into a more substantial, but still slightly vulnerable, layer of compressed clay.”

Venice has also experienced a natural phenomenon called “ acqua alta ” (high water) – periods where the city has flooded temporarily at different times in the year – during high tides for centuries. But rising sea levels are making these events more frequent and severe . Areas that flooded occasionally in the past are now underwater more and more often, damaging buildings and infrastructure.

In a city famous for its beautiful and historic buildings, saltwater intrusion from rising seas is further damaging structures, leading to costly repairs – and a potential loss of cultural heritage. One event, in November 2019, left more than 80% of the city underwater , prompting a state of emergency declaration and creating more than €1 billion euros ($1.1 billion US) in damages .

The Italian government has implemented some measures to protect Venice, like the MOSE project , a system of inflatable gates designed to block certain high tides. However, this project has faced delays and cost overruns .

The future of Venice is uncertain with rising sea levels. Flooding has become a threat to daily life for many Venetians and could result in economic losses due to lost tourism revenue. It’s even a threat to public health – as use of flood gates at times of particularly high tide could result in sewage being trapped in the lagoon .

The city is fighting for its survival and needs innovative and long-term solutions to adapt to this changing environment.

What’s Next?

Looking ahead, experts predict that extreme weather events will likely become even more common and severe in Italy.

The impact on the Italian economy could be significant. Without strong action to reduce emissions, Italy's GDP could shrink by 3.7% by 2050 due to factors like damage from extreme weather and disruptions to key sectors like agriculture and tourism. That number rises to 8.5% by 2100 without swift climate action.

Italy is taking steps to address climate change, but much more needs to be done to mitigate the worst impacts.

Good thing there are numerous potential opportunities for action in the country. From investing in renewable energy and sustainable, efficient infrastructure to climate-resilient agriculture, Italy can create new jobs and stimulate economic growth by acting on climate.

The country can position itself as a leader and benefit from the transition to a low-carbon economy. It just has to stand up now for a safer, more sustainable future powered by clean energy.

Ready to discover more about how Italy can become a climate leader in Europe and in the broader world? Become a climate leader by attending our Climate Reality Leadership Training in Rome this June .

Led by Climate Reality’s founder and chairman, former US Vice President Al Gore, and featuring advocates and experts from a wide range of fields, our foundational Climate Reality Leadership Trainings provide attendees with a deeper understanding of how the climate crisis is transforming our world today and the solutions in our hands.

Train with us from June 28-30 and join a community of changemakers working for just climate solutions worldwide.

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How does tourism impact Italy positively and negatively?

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June 24, 2023

By Laurie Baratti

the impact of tourism in Italy

Italy is one of the most visited countries in the world, attracting millions of visitors every year. Tourism has a significant impact on Italy’s economy, culture, and society. While it brings many benefits, it also presents challenges and negative consequences. This article explores both the positive and negative effects of tourism in Italy.

Positive effects of tourism in Italy

Boosting the economy: how tourism helps italy.

Tourism is one of the main drivers of Italy’s economy, contributing approximately 13% of the country’s GDP. The revenue generated by tourism supports many other industries such as hospitality, transportation, and retail. The money spent by tourists also generates tax revenue for the government, which can be used to improve infrastructure and public services. Additionally, tourism helps to reduce the trade deficit by bringing in foreign currency.

Job creation and employment opportunities

Tourism also creates job opportunities for many people in Italy. About 4.2 million people are employed in the tourism sector, which accounts for about 14% of the country’s workforce. This includes jobs in hotels, restaurants, tour operators, and transportation services. The industry also provides employment for people in rural areas, where other job opportunities may be scarce.

Supporting local businesses and regional development

Tourism can also benefit local businesses and regional development. Visitors often purchase local products and services, such as food, wine, handicrafts, and souvenirs. This can support small businesses and help to preserve local traditions and culture. Tourism can also stimulate regional development by promoting lesser-known areas and attractions, which can lead to increased investment in infrastructure and services.

Preserving and promoting cultural heritage

Italy has a rich cultural heritage that attracts tourists from around the world. Tourism can help to preserve and promote this heritage by supporting conservation efforts, cultural events, and museums. The revenue generated by tourism can also be used to restore historic buildings and landmarks, which can benefit both locals and visitors.

Enhancing Italy’s international image

Tourism can also enhance Italy’s international image and reputation. The country is known for its art, history, food, and fashion, which are promoted through tourism. Visitors who have a positive experience in Italy can become ambassadors for the country, promoting it to others and encouraging them to visit.

Negative effects of tourism in Italy

Overtourism: a growing concern.

Overtourism is becoming a significant issue in some parts of Italy, particularly in cities such as Venice, Rome, and Florence. The large number of visitors can lead to overcrowding, congestion, and strain on local resources. This can cause inconvenience for locals and impact their quality of life. Overtourism can also damage the environment and cultural heritage sites.

Environmental impact of tourism

Tourism can have a negative impact on the environment, especially in popular tourist destinations. The increased traffic can lead to air and noise pollution, as well as damage to natural habitats. Overdevelopment can also harm the environment, as buildings and infrastructure are constructed in sensitive areas such as coastal zones.

Social and cultural impacts of tourism

Tourism can also have social and cultural impacts on local communities. Visitors may disrupt local customs and traditions, which can lead to tension between locals and tourists. The influx of visitors can also cause housing shortages for locals, as properties are converted into vacation rentals. Additionally, the rise of mass tourism can lead to a loss of authenticity and identity in local communities.

Conclusion: finding a balance between tourism and sustainability

Tourism is an essential part of Italy’s economy and culture, bringing many benefits to the country. However, it is crucial to manage tourism in a sustainable way, to ensure that it does not harm the environment or local communities. This requires a balance between promoting tourism and protecting the cultural and natural resources that make Italy unique. Through careful planning and management, Italy can continue to benefit from tourism while preserving its heritage and sustaining its communities.

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Sustainable Travel in Italy: How to Be a Responsible Tourist

Ever thought of enjoying the vibrant life, stunning landscapes, sublime art, and savoring delicious cuisine in Italy while treading lightly? With the rise in concern over negative tourism impact on the environment, it’s time to shift gears and explore ‘The boot’ in an eco-friendly and sustainable way. In this piece, we will delve into sustainable travel in Italy, highlighting the benefits for travelers, and how embracing green or ecotourism can be the key to preserving Italy’s charm for posterity.

Are you ready to immerse yourself in the breathtaking beauty of Italy while taking the eco-friendly route? If so, you’re in for a treat! Discover the charm of Italy’s vibrant cities, serene vineyards, and majestic landscapes while putting sustainability at the heart of your journey. Imagine wandering the historic streets of Rome with a handy map guiding your every step. Speaking of Rome, have you ever considered exploring this eternal city on foot? Trust us, it’s an enriching experience that brings you closer to Roman life and is a big step towards sustainable travel! Let us guide you along this exciting journey, but first, don’t forget to check out these handy Walking maps of Rome which will be your best companion while navigating the iconic city. So, lace up your walking shoes, fellow travelers, as we dive into the fascinating world of sustainable travel in Italy.

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What is Sustainable Tourism in Italy?

Sustainable tourism in Italy is all about an enriched travel experience that considers the local environment, culture, and community. It includes practices that foster a balanced relationship between tourism and the ecosystem. The goal is facilitating tourists to enjoy the lovely attractions, without causing undue harm to the environment. Additionally, sustainable tourism supports local economies and communities, injecting income directly into the local economy, and conserving cultural heritage.

From Tuscany’s organic wine vineyards to the renewable energy-powered hotels in South Tyrol, the real-life examples of sustainable tourism in Italy abound. For instance, the renowned Relais Villa L’Olmo, in the heart of Chianti, champions sustainable luxury with an organic olive oil production farm and accommodations with low environmental impact. You can enjoy the splendor of Tuscany while being a responsible tourist.

Exploring Rome on Foot – A Sustainable Approach

The colossal monuments, the sounds, the vibrant colours, and the distinct smells make Rome a city worth exploring on foot. Not only does this offer an intimate experience of Rome’s thriving life, but it also reduces the environmental footprint caused by vehicle emissions.

Take a physical or digital map and start wandering. From the much-visited Colosseum, Pantheon, and Vatican City to quaint alleys and bustling piazzas, Rome can be your eco-friendly playground. You might even discover gems that aren’t in guidebooks. Plus, this sustainable travel practice beats dealing with Rome’s notorious traffic congestion!

Benefits of Sustainable Travel for Travelers

Sustainable travel benefits both the destination and the traveler. One of the significant advantages it provides is an authentic experience. Travelers connect deeply with the local culture, people, and environment, resulting in a more enriching and meaningful travel story.

Sustainable tourism also allows you to discover lesser-known attractions, off the beaten path, providing an opportunity to contribute directly to local communities. Simultaneously, this ethical travel approach can lead to significant savings since local eateries and accommodations are often cheaper than their mass-tourism counterparts.

Green Tourism or Ecotourism in Italy

Ecotourism in Italy is another facet of sustainable travel focusing mainly on preserving and appreciating nature. Italy is home to a wealth of natural wonders, from the snow-capped peaks of the Dolomites to the azure seas of Sardinia—preserving them is paramount.

Italy indeed embraces ecotourism with various national parks, forests, and marine reserves offering eco-friendly accommodations and excursions. Parks like Gran Paradiso National Park offer nature-intensive experiences like wildlife spotting and environment-friendly alpine huts for accommodation, embodying the spirit of ecotourism.

Green Tourism or Ecotourism by Region in Italy: What to See and Explore

Italy is a country blessed with immense geographical diversity. Each region offers unique natural attractions and eco-friendly activities. Here’s a sustainable tour guide for nature lovers wanting to explore the green side of Italy. 

Starting from the region known as the Italian Riviera, Liguria boasts of the stunning Cinque Terre National Park, an UNESCO World Heritage site. Trekking along the centuries-old footpaths is a must-do for the stunning coastal landscapes. Remember, train travel is encouraged over cars to lessen the environmental burden. 

Tuscany is not just famous for its cities of art like Florence and Siena but also its protected natural areas. The Casentino Forest, Monte Falterona, and Campigna National Park are an ecotourist’s dream come true with walking trails, waterfalls, varieties of flora and fauna, and even monasteries!

The island of Sardinia, known for its stunning beaches, also offers ecotourism adventures. The Gennargentu National Park is home to wild horses, golden eagles, and even mouflon. Marine protected areas like the Archipelago of La Maddalena National Park are perfect for eco-friendly sailing and spotting dolphins.

The Val Grande National Park in Piedmont is the largest wilderness area in Italy. It’s a fantastic place for hiking and experiencing solitude in nature. Piedmont is also where you can visit the Sacro Monte Natural Reserve, a series of chapels in an ethereal natural setting.

The Veneto region houses the charming Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park, a paradise for hikers and nature lovers. You can trek, cycle, or bird-watch in this beautiful part of the Dolomites.

The famous Amalfi Coast in Campania hides a gem for nature lovers – the Valle delle Ferriere Nature Reserve. The cool microclimate creates a lush landscape that feels more like a tropical paradise.

Destination Sicily, you have the Vendicari Nature Reserve. This haven for birdwatchers is a critical stopover in bird migration routes. Besides birdwatching, it’s also a perfect spot for hiking and bathing in lovely crystal-clear beaches.

Abruzzo 

Abruzzo is the greenest region in Europe, with over a third of its territory assigned to national parks and nature reserves. Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park and Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park are perfect for walking, hiking, cycling, wildlife watching, and even cross-country skiing in winter.

Umbria, known as the “Green Heart of Italy,” is famous for its rolling hills, majestic mountains, and scenic landscapes. The Monte Subasio Park near Assisi is a treat for hikers. The park hosts various species of wildlife, and the rich vegetation is an experience in itself.

Emilia-Romagna

This region is home to the Po Delta Park, classified UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserve. This overflowing ecosystem shelters hundreds of bird species and mounts an exceptional landscape merging earth and water. 

The Conero Regional Park in Marche offers a combination of stunning coastal views and nature trails. Its biodiversity forms a perfect setting for biking tours and bird-watching expeditions.

In Italy’s heel, you’ll find the Gargano National Park, one of Apulia’s most important green areas. It offers fantastic trekking trails, bird-watching, and opportunities to explore the fascinating sea caves along the coast.

The Pollino National Park spanning Calabria and Basilicata is Italy’s largest national park. Here, you can venture on horseback riding tours, white water rafting, or simply enjoy the magnificent views of undisrupted nature.

Trentino-Alto Adige

This region nestles two national parks – Stelvio and Adamello Brenta. Engaging in winter sports in a sustainable way is possible here with eco-friendly skiing. There are also countless trekking and mountaineering options with the added possibility of encountering rare animals like the golden eagle and Capricorn.

Valle d’Aosta 

Known for its iconic peaks including Mont Blanc, Monte Rosa, and Gran Paradiso, this region gives ample opportunity for sustainable mountain tourism. Gran Paradiso National Park is an epitome of Alpine biodiversity and eco-tourism activities.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Last but not least, the region celebrates nature through the Dolomiti Friulane Nature Park and Prealpi Giulie Nature Park. Here, hiking, bird-watching, plant exploration, and even star-gazing tours illuminate the Italian sky like nowhere else.

Addressing Environmental Issues in Italy

Italy, like every other country, grapples with environmental issues, with pollution and land degradation being principal concerns. The rapid urbanization, increased waste production, overuse of water resources, and tourism contribute significantly to the problem. Sustainable tourism, therefore, emerges as an important strategy to tackle these challenges, calling for responsible travel behavior from tourists and the implementation of sustainable practices within the tourism sector.

By adopting sustainable travel practices, tourists can help minimize pollution, aid in preserving natural resources, and support local economies, thereby leading to more sustainable development in tourism hotspots. This can indeed become a great stride towards resolving Italy’s environmental issues.

Sustainable travel in Italy offers an excellent alternative to conventional tourism, reducing the harmful impacts of travel and offering a more authentic experience. From using maps to explore Rome on foot to the innumerable benefits of being a green traveler, sustainable tourism is a win-win. Participating in eco-friendly activities, supporting local communities, and respecting nature during travel can make a huge difference. Let’s be responsible tourists and make every effort towards preserving the captivating allure of Italy for future generations.

Explore our walking maps of Rome:

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14 important environmental impacts of tourism + explanations + examples

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The environmental impacts of tourism have gained increasing attention in recent years.

With the rise in sustainable tourism and an increased number of initiatives for being environmentally friendly, tourists and stakeholders alike are now recognising the importance of environmental management in the tourism industry.

In this post, I will explain why the environmental impacts of tourism are an important consideration and what the commonly noted positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism are.

Why the environment is so important to tourism

Positive environmental impacts of tourism, water resources, land degradation , local resources , air pollution and noise , solid waste and littering , aesthetic pollution, construction activities and infrastructure development, deforestation and intensified or unsustainable use of land , marina development, coral reefs, anchoring and other marine activities , alteration of ecosystems by tourist activities , environmental impacts of tourism: conclusion, environmental impacts of tourism reading list.

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, tourism’s relationship with the environment is complex and many activities can have adverse environmental effects if careful tourism planning and management is not undertaken.

It is ironic really, that tourism often destroys the very things that it relies on!

Many of the negative environmental impacts that result from tourism are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends.

It’s not ALL negative, however!

Tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance.

In this article I have outlined exactly how we can both protect and destroy the environment through tourism. I have also created a new YouTube video on the environmental impacts of tourism, you can see this below. (by the way- you can help me to be able to keep content like this free for everyone to access by subscribing to my YouTube channel! And don’t forget to leave me a comment to say hi too!).

Although there are not as many (far from it!) positive environmental impacts of tourism as there are negative, it is important to note that tourism CAN help preserve the environment!

The most commonly noted positive environmental impact of tourism is raised awareness. Many destinations promote ecotourism and sustainable tourism and this can help to educate people about the environmental impacts of tourism. Destinations such as Costa Rica and The Gambia have fantastic ecotourism initiatives that promote environmentally-friendly activities and resources. There are also many national parks, game reserves and conservation areas around the world that help to promote positive environmental impacts of tourism.

Positive environmental impacts can also be induced through the NEED for the environment. Tourism can often not succeed without the environment due the fact that it relies on it (after all we can’t go on a beach holiday without a beach or go skiing without a mountain, can we?).

In many destinations they have organised operations for tasks such as cleaning the beach in order to keep the destination aesthetically pleasant and thus keep the tourists happy. Some destinations have taken this further and put restrictions in place for the number of tourists that can visit at one time.

Not too long ago the island of Borocay in the Philippines was closed to tourists to allow time for it to recover from the negative environmental impacts that had resulted from large-scale tourism in recent years. Whilst inconvenient for tourists who had planned to travel here, this is a positive example of tourism environmental management and we are beginning to see more examples such as this around the world.

Negative environmental impacts of tourism

Negative environmental impacts of tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment’s ability to cope with this use.

Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as: soil erosion , increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.

I will explain each of these negative environmental impacts of tourism below.

Depletion of natural resources

Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption in areas where resources are already scarce. Some of the most common noted examples include using up water resources, land degradation and the depletion of other local resources.

The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water.

In drier regions, like the Mediterranean, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern. Because of the hot climate and the tendency for tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 litres a day. This is almost double what the inhabitants of an average Spanish city use. 

Golf course maintenance can also deplete fresh water resources.

In recent years golf tourism has increased in popularity and the number of golf courses has grown rapidly.

Golf courses require an enormous amount of water every day and this can result in water scarcity. Furthermore, golf resorts are more and more often situated in or near protected areas or areas where resources are limited, exacerbating their impacts.

An average golf course in a tropical country such as Thailand needs 1500kg of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides per year and uses as much water as 60,000 rural villagers.

Important land resources include fertile soil, forests , wetlands and wildlife. Unfortunately, tourism often contributes to the degradation of said resources. Increased construction of tourism facilities has increased the pressure on these resources and on scenic landscapes.

Animals are often displaced when their homes are destroyed or when they are disturbed by noise. This may result in increased animals deaths, for example road-kill deaths. It may also contribute to changes in behaviour.

Animals may become a nuisance, by entering areas that they wouldn’t (and shouldn’t) usually go into, such as people’s homes. It may also contribute towards aggressive behaviour when animals try to protect their young or savage for food that has become scarce as a result of tourism development.

Picturesque landscapes are often destroyed by tourism. Whilst many destinations nowadays have limits and restrictions on what development can occur and in what style, many do not impose any such rules. High rise hotels and buildings which are not in character with the surrounding architecture or landscape contribute to a lack of atheistic appeal.

Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing. For example, one trekking tourist in Nepal can use four to five kilograms of wood a day!

There are also many cases of erosion, whereby tourists may trek the same path or ski the same slope so frequently that it erodes the natural landscape. Sites such as Machu Pichu have been forced to introduce restrictions on tourist numbers to limit the damage caused.

Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food, and other raw materials that may already be in short supply. Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation.

Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten times more inhabitants in the high season as in the low season.

A high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.). This can put significant pressure on the local resources and infrastructure, often resulting in the local people going without in order to feed the tourism industry.

Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry: Air emissions; noise pollution; solid waste and littering; sewage; oil and chemicals. The tourism industry also contributes to forms of architectural/visual pollution.

Transport by air, road, and rail is continuously increasing in response to the rising number of tourists and their greater mobility. In fact, tourism accounts for more than 60% of all air travel.

One study estimated that a single transatlantic return flight emits almost half the CO2 emissions produced by all other sources (lighting, heating, car use, etc.) consumed by an average person yearly- that’s a pretty shocking statistic!

I remember asking my class to calculate their carbon footprint one lesson only to be very embarrassed that my emissions were A LOT higher than theirs due to the amount of flights I took each year compared to them. Point proven I guess….

Anyway, air pollution from tourist transportation has impacts on a global level, especially from CO2 emissions related to transportation energy use. This can contribute to severe local air pollution . It also contributes towards climate change.

Fortunately, technological advancements in aviation are seeing more environmentally friendly aircraft and fuels being used worldwide, although the problem is far from being cured. If you really want to help save the environment, the answer is to seek alternative methods of transportation and avoid flying.

You can also look at ways to offset your carbon footprint .

Noise pollution can also be a concern.

Noise pollution from aircraft, cars, buses, (+ snowmobiles and jet skis etc etc) can cause annoyance, stress, and even hearing loss for humans. It also causes distress to wildlife and can cause animals to alter their natural activity patterns. Having taught at a university near London Heathrow for several years, this was always a topic of interest to my students and made a popular choice of dissertation topic .

In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem, contributing significantly to the environmental impacts of tourism.

Improper waste disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment. Rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides are areas that are commonly found littered with waste, ranging from plastic bottles to sewage.

Cruise tourism in the Caribbean, for example, is a major contributor to this negative environmental impact of tourism. Cruise ships are estimated to produce more than 70,000 tons of waste each year. 

The Wider Caribbean Region, stretching from Florida to French Guiana, receives 63,000 port calls from ships each year, and they generate 82,000 tons of rubbish. About 77% of all ship waste comes from cruise vessels. On average, passengers on a cruise ship each account for 3.5 kilograms of rubbish daily – compared with the 0.8 kilograms each generated by the less well-endowed folk on shore.

Whilst it is generally an unwritten rule that you do not throw rubbish into the sea, this is difficult to enforce in the open ocean . In the past cruise ships would simply dump their waste while out at sea. Nowadays, fortunately, this is less commonly the case, however I am sure that there are still exceptions.

Solid waste and littering can degrade the physical appearance of the water and shoreline and cause the death of marine animals. Just take a look at the image below. This is a picture taken of the insides of a dead bird. Bird often mistake floating plastic for fish and eat it. They can not digest plastic so once their stomachs become full they starve to death. This is all but one sad example of the environmental impacts of tourism.

Mountain areas also commonly suffer at the hands of the tourism industry. In mountain regions, trekking tourists generate a great deal of waste. Tourists on expedition frequently leave behind their rubbish, oxygen cylinders and even camping equipment. I have heard many stories of this and I also witnessed it first hand when I climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .

The construction of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increased sewage pollution. 

Unfortunately, many destinations, particularly in the developing world, do not have strict law enrichments on sewage disposal. As a result, wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist attractions around the world. This damages the flora and fauna in the area and can cause serious damage to coral reefs.

Sewage pollution threatens the health of humans and animals.

I’ll never forget the time that I went on a school trip to climb Snowdonia in Wales. The water running down the streams was so clear and perfect that some of my friends had suggested we drink some. What’s purer than mountain fresh water right from the mountain, right?

A few minutes later we saw a huge pile of (human??) feaces in the water upstream!!

Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination. Large, dominating resorts of disparate design can look out of place in any natural environment and may clash with the indigenous structural design. 

A lack of land-use planning and building regulations in many destinations has facilitated sprawling developments along coastlines, valleys and scenic routes. The sprawl includes tourism facilities themselves and supporting infrastructure such as roads, employee housing, parking, service areas, and waste disposal. This can make a tourist destination less appealing and can contribute to a loss of appeal.

Physical impacts of tourism development

Whilst the tourism industry itself has a number of negative environmental impacts. There are also a number of physical impacts that arise from the development of the tourism industry. This includes the construction of buildings, marinas, roads etc.

The development of tourism facilities can involve sand mining, beach and sand dune erosion and loss of wildlife habitats.

The tourist often will not see these side effects of tourism development, but they can have devastating consequences for the surrounding environment. Animals may displaced from their habitats and the noise from construction may upset them.

I remember reading a while ago (although I can’t seem to find where now) that in order to develop the resort of Kotu in The Gambia, a huge section of the coastline was demolished in order to be able to use the sand for building purposes. This would inevitably have had severe consequences for the wildlife living in the area.

Construction of ski resort accommodation and facilities frequently requires clearing forested land.

Land may also be cleared to obtain materials used to build tourism sites, such as wood.

I’ll never forget the site when I flew over the Amazon Rainforest only to see huge areas of forest cleared. That was a sad reality to see.

Likewise, coastal wetlands are often drained due to lack of more suitable sites. Areas that would be home to a wide array of flora and fauna are turned into hotels, car parks and swimming pools.

The building of marinas and ports can also contribute to the negative environmental impacts of tourism.

Development of marinas and breakwaters can cause changes in currents and coastlines.

These changes can have vast impacts ranging from changes in temperatures to erosion spots to the wider ecosystem.

Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems. They suffer worldwide from reef-based tourism developments and from tourist activity.

Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coral result from shoreline development. Increased sediments in the water can affect growth. Trampling by tourists can damage or even kill coral. Ship groundings can scrape the bottom of the sea bed and kill the coral. Pollution from sewage can have adverse effects.

All of these factors contribute to a decline and reduction in the size of coral reefs worldwide. This then has a wider impact on the global marine life and ecosystem, as many animals rely on the coral for as their habitat and food source.

Physical impacts from tourist activities

The last point worth mentioning when discussing the environmental impacts of tourism is the way in which physical impacts can occur as a result of tourist activities.

This includes tramping, anchoring, cruising and diving. The more this occurs, the more damage that is caused. Natural, this is worse in areas with mass tourism and overtourism .

Tourists using the same trail over and over again trample the vegetation and soil, eventually causing damage that can lead to loss of biodiversity and other impacts. 

Such damage can be even more extensive when visitors frequently stray off established trails. This is evidenced in Machu Pichu as well as other well known destinations and attractions, as I discussed earlier in this post.

 In marine areas many tourist activities occur in or around fragile ecosystems. 

Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause direct degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. As I said previously, this can have a significant knock on effect on the surrounding ecosystem.

Habitats can be degraded by tourism leisure activities.

For example, wildlife viewing can bring about stress for the animals and alter their natural behaviour when tourists come too close. 

As I have articulated throughout this post, there are a range of environmental impacts that result from tourism. Whilst some are good, the majority unfortunately are bad. The answer to many of these problems boils down to careful tourism planning and management and the adoption of sustainable tourism principles.

Did you find this article helpful? Take a look at my posts on the social impacts of tourism and the economic impacts of tourism too! Oh, and follow me on social media !

If you are studying the environmental impacts of tourism or if you are interested in learning more about the environmental impacts of tourism, I have compiled a short reading list for you below.

• The 3 types of travel and tourism organisations
• 150 types of tourism! The ultimate tourism glossary
• 50 fascinating facts about the travel and tourism industry

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Sustainable Travel & Ecotourism in Rome

Sustainable tourism is conscientious travel. It means being careful with the environments you explore and respecting the communities you visit -- in this case Rome. Two overlapping components of sustainable travel are eco-tourism and ethical tourism. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) defines eco-tourism as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people, the Romans themselves. TIES suggests that eco-tourists follow these principles:

• If all roads lead to Rome, why not take the green one?
• Minimize environmental impact.
• Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect.
• Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts.
• Provide direct financial benefits for conservation and for local people.
• Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climates.

Not long ago, the mayor of Rome unveiled a master plan to turn the Eternal City into a green, low-carbon, post-petroleum capital. The plan, one of the most ambitious ever for the city, calls for Rome to invest more than $615 million (U.S.) over the next 2 decades in new business and clean industries. This move, when carried out, will result in thousands of new jobs and also make the capital more independent of fossil fuels.

"This is a complete plan to transform Rome," said former Mayor Gianni Alemanno. "It's more than an energy plan. It is also an environmental, urban, and economic one."

Plans call for three main areas of development:

1. Turning the congested historic core of Rome into a greener, pedestrian-friendly space;

2. Developing the commercial and industrial "ring" around Rome; and

3. Improving the agriculture districts outside Rome to reduce carbon imprint.

Rome also has a new event on its calendar every September known as Zeromission Rome, an event dedicated to promoting renewable energies in the Mediterranean area.

Speakers from all over the world fly into Rome at this time for numerous conferences, workshops, and meetings, each dedicated to renewable energy and global warming.

In this ever-changing world, highlights of the upcoming convention will focus on electricity from wind energy, photovoltaic technologies, solar power plants, geothermal energy, energy saving, the carbon credit market, and other 21st-century technologies to save not only Rome, but the planet itself.

The new emphasis on Green Rome is seen in modern developments such as the new stadium of the Rome Soccer Club launched in 2009. The stadium has become energy self-sufficient thanks to the use of a photovoltaic system and to micro-generation. The designers of the stadium implemented plans that eliminate greenhouse gases at the rate of 3,000 tons a year, an amazing figure.

Even Rome's largest public hospital, Policlinico Umberto I, has become more eco- and user-friendly by installing a solar-powered recreational pavilion that was formerly the waiting room. Today, the pavilion has been called a place where the "Alice in Wonderland mushroom meets solar-ray chomping Pac-Man."

Eden Walks (tel. 039/338-596-1622; www.edenwalks.com ) is a pioneer of eco-conscious walking tours through both historical Rome and the Vatican. It offers three "low-impact" tours of Rome. Well-trained English-speaking guides take you on tours through history. Although group tours are offered, the Eden walks also features a number of 2-hour tours (maximum 4 people), costing 200€.

While much of the focus of eco-tourism is about reducing impacts on the natural environment, ethical tourism concentrates on ways to preserve and enhance local economies and communities, regardless of location. You can embrace ethical tourism by staying at a locally owned hotel in Rome or shopping at a store that employs local workers and sells locally produced goods.

Responsible Travel ( www.responsibletravel.com ) is a great source of sustainable travel ideas; the site is run by a spokesperson for ethical tourism in the travel industry.

It's Easy Being Green

Here are a few simple ways you can help conserve fuel and energy when you travel to Rome:

• Each time you take a flight or drive a car greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to the planet through "carbon offsetting" -- paying someone to invest your money in programs that reduce your greenhouse gas emissions by the same amount you've added. Before buying carbon offset credits, just make sure that you're using a reputable company, one with a proven program that invests in renewable energy. Reliable carbon offset companies include Carbonfund ( www.carbonfund.org ) and Carbon Neutral ( https://coolclimate.org ).
• Whenever possible, choose nonstop flights; they generally require less fuel than indirect flights that stop and take off again. Try to fly during the day -- some scientists estimate that nighttime flights are twice as harmful to the environment. And pack light -- each 15 pounds of luggage on a 5,000-mile flight adds up to 50 pounds of carbon dioxide emitted.
• Where you stay during your travels can have a major environmental impact. To determine the green credentials of a property, ask about trash disposal and recycling, water conservation, and energy use; also question whether sustainable materials were used in the construction of the property. The website www.greenhotels.com recommends green-rated member hotels around the world that fulfill the company's stringent environmental requirements.
• At hotels in Rome, request that your sheets and towels not be changed daily. (Many hotels already have programs like this in place.) Turn off the lights and air conditioner (or heater) when you leave your room.
• Use public transport where possible -- trains, buses, and even taxis are more energy-efficient forms of transport than driving. Even better is to walk or cycle; you'll produce zero emissions and stay fit and healthy on your travels.
• If renting a car is necessary, ask the rental agent for a hybrid, or rent the most fuel-efficient car available. You'll use less gas and save money at the tank.
• Eat at Roman owned and operated restaurants that use produce grown in the area. This contributes to the local economy and cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions by supporting restaurants where the food is not flown or trucked in across long distances.

Note : This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip.

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Environment in Italy - Statistics & Facts

If the world's population lived like Italy, we would need almost three times more the Earth resources available annually. Indeed, Italy is among the countries of the European Union emitting the largest total amount of CO2. Nevertheless, the European Union has been implementing new targets and policies to reduce emissions in member states. By 2030, the EU target is a decrease of at least 40 percent compared to 1990. Between 1990 and 2017, CO2 emissions in the European Union decreased by 20 percent. Air pollution is a problem in Italy. Data on the average annual concentration of particulate matter (PM) show that the sum exceeds 30 micrograms per cubic meter in many Italian cities. Most of these cities are located in the Po Valley. The Po Valley is a major industrial and agricultural area in Italy, located in the North of Italy and stretching from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea. However, no city registered a value over 40 micrograms per cubic meter, the annual limit value of the EU. Specifically, the PM is a mixture of fine solid or liquid droplets added to the atmosphere. Their presence can have an impact on health, causing serious problems and also leading to premature death. A high concentration of PM in the air might not be directly perceived among the population, even if in some extreme cases a high value impacts visibility significantly. What can be more easily seen in Italy is the high amount of unsorted waste found in public spaces, for instance, on beaches. Among the most widespread types of litter collected on Italian beaches, plastic fragments, cups, cigarettes butts, polystyrene pieces and cotton buds hold the largest share. In terms of materials, 80 percent of waste is plastic waste . Consequently, a large percentage of beaches in Italy has been declared unsuitable for bathing due to pollution. In particular, about 26 percent of coast in the Northern Italian region of Veneto is not open for bathing, the highest share nationwide. However, Italians are aware of the issues related to the environment. According to recent surveys , the most urgent environmental problems perceived by Italians are global warming and waste management. The latter represents a particularly serious problem. Indeed, Italy has more than a thousand illegal dumps . Organized crime saw a source of income in waste management. An Italian environmentalist association counted the number of environmental violations related to mafia , and the largest figure was recorded in the Southern region of Campania. On a national scale, 16 percent of the illegal activities in this sector occurred in this region. This text provides general information. Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date data than referenced in the text. Show more Published by Statista Research Department , Jan 29, 2024

Key insights

Detailed statistics

Total volume of carbon dioxide emitted in the EU countries 2019

Average annual PM 10 concentration in selected Italian cities 2018

Sources of noise pollution in Italy 2019

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Climate and Weather

Share of Italians worried about climate change 2022

Crime & Law Enforcement

Most environmental-friendly cities in Italy 2020

Politics & Government

Political activities and participation in Italy 2020

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City environment

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• Premium Statistic Length of coastline erosion in Italy 2018, by region
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Length of coastline erosion in Italy as of 2018, by region (in kilometers)

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Share of coastline erosion in Italy as of 2018, by region

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Share of sandy costs occupied by beach resorts, camping sites, sports clubs, and tourists facilities in Italy in 2021, by region

Environmental violations

• Basic Statistic Procedures of the EU for environmental infringements in Italy 2020, by field
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Procedures of the EU for environmental infringements in Italy 2020, by field

Infringement procedures initiated by the European Union against Italy for environmental violations in 2020, by field

Controls carried out for environmental violations in Italy 2019-2020

Number of controls carried out for environmental violations in Italy in 2019 and 2020

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Number of induced wildfires in Italy in 2019 and 2020

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Number of individuals reported for wildlife crimes in Italy in 2020

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Sources of noise pollution in Italy 2019, by region

Number of controlled sources of noise pollution in Italy in 2019, by region

Distribution of controlled sources of noise pollution in Italy in 2019, by type

Share of non-bathing coasts due to pollution in Italy 2018, by region

Share of coasts unsuitable for bathing due to pollution in Italy in 2018, by region

Length of beach unsuitable for swimming due to pollution in Italy 2021, by region

Length of coast unsuitable for bathing due to pollution in Italy as of 2021, by region (in kilometers)

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Municipal waste disposed at landfills in Italy 2019, by region

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Municipal waste generated in Italy in 2021, by region (in 1,000 tons)

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Climate change

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Share of people in Italy placing threats against the environment as their main concern from 2018 to 2021

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

This article is part of the research topic.

Databases and Nutrition, volume III

The Italian Food Environment May Confer Protection from Hyper-Palatable Foods: Evidence and Comparison with the United States Provisionally Accepted

• 1 University of Kansas, United States
• 2 University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Background: Multi-national food corporations may saturate country-level food systems with hyperpalatable foods. However, the degree to which global food corporations have been integrated into country-level food systems may vary. Italy has largely retained local food production and may have low hyper-palatable food (HPF) availability in the food supply. The study quantified the prevalence of HPF in the Italian food system and compared the hyper-palatability of similar foods across Italy and the United States, which has wide HPF saturation.Methods: A national food system dataset was used to characterize HPF availability in Italy. A representative sample of foods commonly consumed in both Italy and the US were collected and compared. Foods represented six categories: cookies/biscotti, cakes/merendine, salty snacks, industrial bread, frozen pizza and protein/cereal bars. A standardized definition from Fazzino et al (2019) identified HPF.Results: Less than one third (28.8%) of foods in the Italian food system were hyper-palatable. US HPF items had significantly higher fat, sugar, and/or sodium across most food categories (p values= .001 to .0001). Italian HPF items had higher fiber and/or protein relative to US HPF from the same category (p values = .01 to .0001).The Italian food system may confer protection from HPF exposure. HPF products in Italy had lower palatability-related nutrients and higher satiety-promoting nutrients.

Keywords: Food Environment, carbohydrate, fat, Sodium, sugar, Fiber

Received: 02 Jan 2024; Accepted: 08 Apr 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 Fazzino, Summo and Pasqualone. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Dr. Tera L. Fazzino, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States

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