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U.S. Issues Travel Warning for China, Hong Kong — What to Know

The State Department designated both mainland China and Macau as “Level 3,” recommending travelers “reconsider travel” there. Hong Kong was classified as a “Level 2.”

WANG ZHAO/Getty Images

The U.S. Department of State re-issued a travel warning against heading to China, including Hong Kong and Macau, due to the possibility of being wrongfully detained and the arbitrary enforcement of laws.

The State Department designated both mainland China and Macau as “Level 3,” recommending travelers “reconsider travel” there. Hong Kong was classified as a “Level 2” city, recommending travelers “exercise increased caution” when going.

“The People’s Republic of China (PRC) government arbitrarily enforces local laws, including issuing exit bans on U.S. citizens and citizens of other countries, without fair and transparent process under the law,” the department wrote in its advisory, adding “PRC authorities appear to have broad discretion to deem a wide range of documents, data, statistics, or materials as state secrets and to detain and prosecute foreign nationals for alleged espionage.”

In Hong Kong, the department warned China has “demonstrated an intent” to use a 2020 national security law “to target a broad range of activities such as acts of secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with foreign entities.”

The renewed warning comes months after China resumed issuing international tourist visas following some of the strictest COVID-19-related restrictions in the world. For its part, Hong Kong started easing travel restrictions last year and no longer requires visitors undergo any COVID-19 testing or quarantine measures.

The State Department regularly updates its travel advisories for countries all over the world, assessing the security and health situations in each country and adjusting the classification accordingly on a scale of one (which indicates travelers should exercise normal precautions) to four (which warns Americans not to travel there). Recently, the department issued similar travel warnings for both Colombia and Jamaica .

In general, the State Department recommends American travelers enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program to receive alerts “and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.”

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Update April 12, 2024

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Before boarding the flight, they are required to present a negative COVID-19 nucleic acid test report, with their names identical to their respective travel documents, and administered within 72 hours of the flight's scheduled time of departure. They are also required to present documentary proof to show that the laboratory or healthcare institution is recognized/ approved/ ISO15189 accredited. Record of recognized laboratories in the US can be printed from the CMS’s database . The travelers are also required to show confirmation that they have booked a hotel for 14-day quarantine upon arrival.  Currently, only Hong Kong residents* are permitted to enter the city.  The relevant specifications will remain effective until further notice. *Spouses and children of Hong Kong residents who are not themselves Hong Kong residents may enter Hong Kong, but they need to prepare and produce proof to immigration officers at the airport (e.g. copies of birth certificates, marriage certificates and ID cards of spouse or parents, etc.).

The U.S. and U.K. Have Issued a New Travel Warning for China and Hong Kong

The advisory warns travelers could be subject to arbitrary arrests or exit bans

Gavin Hellier

This Monday, Sept. 14, 2020, the U.S. Department of State dropped its official travel warning for China down a notch from the long-standing "Level 4: Do Not Travel" advisory originally issued back at the start of the pandemic. However, eager travelers shouldn’t celebrate just yet.

Less than 24 hours later, both the U.S. and U.K. issued travel advisories for citizens traveling to Hong Kong and mainland China, citing the risk of arbitrary arrest. The U.S. Department of State's warning cautions that “the PRC [People's Republic of China] government arbitrarily enforces local laws, including by carrying out arbitrary and wrongful detentions and through the use of exit bans on U.S. citizens and citizens of other countries without due process of law.”

The travel warnings come nearly three months after China imposed a national new security law on Hong Kong back in June. Essentially, it makes it definitively illegal for anyone to voice subversive views on the Chinese government, regardless if they are a Chinese citizen and regardless if the alleged subversive behavior took place while in China or Hong Kong. The controversial law is a sharp undercut to freedoms of speech, and the fact that it applies to everyone—even people outside of China and Hong Kong—is unprecedented.

The U.S. warning cautions that “U.S. citizens traveling or residing in China or Hong Kong may be detained without access to U.S. consular services or information about their alleged crime” and could also “be subjected to prolonged interrogations and extended detention”—all without any legal rights. And that, in most cases, U.S. citizens aren’t even aware that an exit ban exists until they try to leave, only to become detained or arrested. Lack of legal process means detained travelers have no way to “find out how long the ban might continue or contest it” in court.

There’s also nothing that says the offending subversive activity—which is up to the interpretation of the Chinese government—is limited to public displays. According to the U.S. travel warning, even private electronic messages that are critical of the Chinese government may cause travelers to find themselves in hot water. 

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Watch CBS News

U.S. again issues wide-ranging warnings against travel to China and Hong Kong

September 15, 2020 / 6:51 AM EDT / AP

Beijing — The U.S. on Tuesday issued a sweeping new advisory warning against travel to mainland China and Hong Kong, citing the risk of "arbitrary detention" and "arbitrary enforcement of local laws."

The advisory is likely to heighten tensions between the sides that have spiked since Beijing's imposition on Hong Kong of a strict new national security law in June that has already been met with a series of U.S. punitive actions .

The statement warned U.S. citizens that China imposes "arbitrary detention and exit bans" to compel cooperation with investigations, pressure family members to return to China from abroad, influence civil disputes and "gain bargaining leverage over foreign governments."

"U.S. citizens traveling or residing in China or Hong Kong, may be detained without access to U.S. consular services or information about their alleged crime. U.S. citizens may be subjected to prolonged interrogations and extended detention without due process of law," the advisory said.

In Hong Kong, China "unilaterally and arbitrarily exercises police and security power," the advisory said, adding that new legislation also covers offenses committed by non-Hong Kong residents or organizations outside of Hong Kong, possibly subjecting U.S. citizens who have publicly criticized China to a "heightened risk of arrest, detention, expulsion, or prosecution."

When in Hong Kong, U.S. citizens are "strongly cautioned to be aware of their surroundings and avoid demonstrations," the advisory said.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin told reporters at a daily briefing Tuesday that the U.S. should "fully respect the facts and should not engage in unwarranted political manipulation" when issuing such advisories.

"China has always protected the safety and legal rights of foreigners in China in accordance with law. China is one of the safest countries in the world," Wang said. "Of course, foreigners in China also have an obligation to abide by Chinese laws."

Last month, the Trump administration suspended or terminated three bilateral agreements with Hong Kong covering extradition and tax exemptions, citing Beijing's violation of its pledge for Hong Kong to retain broad autonomy for 50 years after the former British colony's 1997 handover to Chinese rule.

Other Western nations have also suspended their extradition treaties with Hong Kong following the national security's law's passage.

The U.S. has also acted to end special trade and commercial privileges that Hong Kong had enjoyed and has imposed sanctions on Hong Kong and Chinese officials, including Hong Kong's pro-Beijing leader Carrie Lam , involved in enforcing the new security law.

Tensions between Beijing and Washington have hit their lowest point in decades amid simmering disputes over trade, technology, Taiwan, Tibet, the South China Sea, the coronavirus pandemic and, most recently, Hong Kong. The impact of the tensions has been felt in the tit-for-tat closures of diplomatic missions as well as visa restrictions on students and journalists.

The latest travel advisory did not offer any new warnings regarding COVID-19 in mainland China and Hong Kong, but referred travelers to earlier notices advising Americans to avoid the regions and return home from them if possible.

President Trump has assigned full blame to Beijing for the coronavirus outbreak in the U.S., deflecting criticism of his own handling of the pandemic that threatens his reelection.

The virus was first detected in the central Chinese city of Wuhan late last year, leading to the global pandemic. Critics have accused Beijing of an initial cover-up attempt, although Mr. Trump himself has admitted to downplaying the severity of the virus as early as February.

China appears to have contained the virus within its borders, reporting no new cases of domestic infection in a month, while Hong Kong has also radically brought down its numbers of new cases.

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U.S. recommends Americans reconsider traveling to China due to arbitrary law enforcement and exit bans

The U.S. recommended Americans reconsider traveling to China because of arbitrary law enforcement and exit bans and the risk of wrongful detentions.

No specific cases were cited, but the advisory came after a 78-year-old U.S. citizen was sentenced to life in prison on spying charges in May.

It also followed the passage last week of a sweeping Foreign Relations Law that threatens countermeasures against those seen as harming China’s interests.

China also recently passed a broadly written counterespionage law that has sent a chill through the foreign business community, with offices being raided, as well as a law to sanction foreign critics.

“The People’s Republic of China (PRC) government arbitrarily enforces local laws, including issuing exit bans on U.S. citizens and citizens of other countries, without fair and transparent process under the law,” the U.S. advisory said.

“U.S. citizens traveling or residing in the PRC may be detained without access to U.S. consular services or information about their alleged crime,” it warned.

The advisory also said that Chinese authorities “appear to have broad discretion to deem a wide range of documents, data, statistics, or materials as state secrets and to detain and prosecute foreign nationals for alleged espionage.”

It listed a wide range of potential offenses from taking part in demonstrations to sending electronic messages critical of Chinese policies or even simply conducting research into areas deemed sensitive.

Exit bans could be used to compel individuals to participate in Chinese government investigations, pressure family members to return from abroad, resolve civil disputes in favor of Chinese citizens and “gain bargaining leverage over foreign governments,” the advisory said.

Similar advisories were issued for the semi-autonomous Chinese regions of Hong Kong and Macao. They were dated Friday and emailed to journalists on Monday.

The U.S. had issued similar advisories to its citizens in the past, but those in recent years had mainly warned of the dangers of being caught in strict and lengthy lockdowns while China closed its borders for three years under its draconian “zero-COVID” policy.

China generally responds angrily to what it considers U.S. efforts to impugn its authoritarian Communist Party-led system. It has issued its own travel advisories concerning the U.S., warning of the dangers of crime, anti-Asian discrimination and the high cost of emergency medical assistance.

China had no immediate response to the travel advisory on Monday.

Details of the accusations against the accused spy John Shing-Wan Leung are not available, given China’s authoritarian political system and the ruling Communist Party’s absolute control over legal matters. Leung, who also holds permanent residency in Hong Kong, was detained in the southeastern city of Suzhou on April 15, 2021 — a time when China had closed its borders and tightly restricted movement of people domestically to control the spread of COVID-19.

The warnings come as U.S.-China relations are at their lowest in years, over trade, technology, Taiwan and human rights, although the sides are taking some steps to improve the situation. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken made a long-delayed visit to Beijing last week and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen is making a much-anticipated trip to Beijing this week. China also recently appointed a new ambassador to Washington, who presented his credentials in a meeting with President Joe Biden at the White House.

Other incidents, however, have also pointed to the testiness in the relationship. China formally protested last month after Biden called Chinese leader Xi Jinping a “dictator,” days after Blinken’s visit.

Biden brushed off the protest, saying his words would have no negative impact on U.S.-China relations and that he still expects to meet with Xi sometime soon. Biden has also drawn rebukes from Beijing by explicitly saying the U.S. would defend self-governing Taiwan if China, which claims the island as its own territory, were to attack it.

Biden said his blunt statements regarding China are “just not something I’m going to change very much.”

The administration is also under pressure from both parties to take a tough line on China, making it one of the few issues on which most Democrats and Republicans agree.

Along with several detained Americans, Two Chinese-Australians, Cheng Lei, who formerly worked for China’s state broadcaster, and writer Yang Jun, have been held since 2020 and 2019 respectively without word on their sentencing.

Perhaps the most notorious case of arbitrary detention involved two Canadians, Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, who were detained in China in 2018, shortly after Canada arrested Meng Wanzhou, Huawei Technologies’ chief financial officer and the daughter of the tech powerhouse’s founder, on a U.S. extradition request.

They were charged with national security crimes that were never explained and released three years later after the U.S. settled fraud charges against Meng. Many countries labeled China’s action “hostage politics.”

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State department tells Americans to reconsider travel to Hong Kong over threat of ‘arbitrary detention’

Uk issued a similar warning to travellers, article bookmarked.

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The US State Department has issued a warning to Americans considering visiting Mainland China and Hong Kong.

In a travel advisory issued on Tuesday, Americans were told that it may be dangerous and there is a risk of “arbitrary and wrongful detentions” and “exit bans” on US citizens without due process of law.

Individuals may find they are interrogated and compelled to participate in government investigations.

The inclusion of Hong Kong is due to the enforcement of the strict new national security laws imposed by the Chinese Communist Party in June.

• UN human rights experts express deep concerns over Hong Kong security law in letter to China
• I’m a doctor in Hong Kong – the police crackdown on protesters has turned even hospitals into war zones
• Google and Facebook ditch plan to connect Los Angeles to Hong Kong via cable, due to national security concerns
• US suspends Hong Kong extradition treaty as China feud deepens

Previously, Americans in Hong Kong were considered outside of the reach of the authorities of Beijing.

The UK also issued a travel advisory to the territory this week that similarly mentioned the threat of arbitrary detention.

Under the new laws, China intends to target a broad range of activities it defines as acts of secession, subversion, terrorism, and “collusion” with foreign countries.

The new legislation also covers offences committed by non-Hong Kong residents or organizations outside of Hong Kong. This could mean individuals who have been publicly critical of China face a heightened risk of arrest, detention, expulsion, or prosecution.

Chinese security forces, including the new Office for Safeguarding National Security, now operate in Hong Kong.

Americans in Hong Kong are advised to avoid demonstrations and to keep a low profile.

The US has already suspended an extradition treaty with Hong Kong and imposed sanctions on Hong Kong officials for their part in restricting democratic freedoms.

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Places the U.S. Government Warns Not to Travel Right Now

You may want to reconsider traveling to these countries right now.

Do Not Travel to These Countries

Getty Images

Crime, civil unrest and terrorism are common risk factors for countries that end up on the State Department's "Do Not Travel" advisory list.

In 2024, tourism across the globe is “well on track” to return to pre-pandemic levels, according to projections by UN Tourism.

Global conflicts and natural disasters , ranging from a series of coups across Africa to catastrophic earthquakes in the Middle East affected international travel patterns throughout 2023. Still, international tourist arrivals reached 87% of pre-pandemic levels in 2023, according to estimates by UN Tourism .

In January 2024 alone, about 4.6 million U.S. citizens left the country for international destinations, 17% higher than the same month in 2019, according to the International Trade Administration . But some destinations warrant more caution than others.

On Oct. 19, 2023, following the outbreak of war between Israel and Gaza and flaring tensions in the region, the U.S. State Department issued a worldwide caution advisory due to “increased tensions in various locations around the world, the potential for terrorist attacks, demonstrations or violent actions against U.S. citizens and interests.” Prior to this update, the most recent worldwide caution advisory was issued in 2022 after a U.S. strike killed Ayman al-Zawahiri, Osama bin Laden’s successor as leader of Al Qaeda, causing “a higher potential for anti-American violence.” The worldwide caution advisory remains in effect.

The U.S. State Department also issues individual travel advisory levels for more than 200 countries globally, continually updating them based on a variety of risk indicators such as health, terrorism and civil unrest. Travel advisory levels range from Level 1, which means exercise normal precautions, to Level 4, which means do not travel there.

About 10% of countries – 19 total – have a Level 4: “Do Not Travel” advisory as of Mar. 4. In Level 4 countries, the U.S. government may have “very limited ability” to step in should travelers’ safety or security be at risk, according to the State Department. Crime, civil unrest, kidnapping and terrorism are common risk factors associated with Level 4 countries.

So far in 2024, the State Department made changes to the existing Level 4 advisories for Myanmar, Iran and Gaza, and moved Niger and Lebanon off of the Level 4 list.

Places With a Level 4 Travel Advisory

These are the primary areas the U.S. government says not to travel to right now, in alphabetical order:

Jump to Place: Afghanistan Belarus Burkina Faso Central African Republic Myanmar (formerly Burma) Gaza Haiti Iran Iraq Libya Mali Mexico North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) Russia Somalia South Sudan Sudan Syria Ukraine Venezuela Yemen

Afghanistan: The Central Asian country is wrestling with “terrorism, risk of wrongful detention, kidnapping and crime,” according to the State Department. U.S. citizens are specifically at risk for wrongful detention and kidnapping. In 2022, the government reinstituted public floggings and executions, and women’s rights are disappearing under Taliban control. The U.S. Embassy in Kabul halted operations in August 2021. Since the Taliban took control , many forms of international aid have been halted . Meanwhile, in 2023, some of the year’s deadliest earthquakes killed more than 2,400 in Afghanistan while the country continues to face a years-long extreme drought.

Belarus: Belarus, which shares a western border with Russia and a southern border with Ukraine, has been flagged for “Belarusian authorities’ continued facilitation of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the buildup of Russian military forces in Belarus, the arbitrary enforcement of local laws, the potential of civil unrest, the risk of detention, and the Embassy’s limited ability to assist U.S. citizens residing in or traveling to Belarus.” The U.S. Embassy in Minsk halted operations in February 2022.

Burkina Faso: Terrorism, crime and kidnapping are plaguing this West African nation. Terrorist attacks may target hotels, restaurants and schools with little to no warning, and the East and Sahel regions of the country are under a state of emergency. In late November 2023, hundreds died in clashes between state security forces and rebels near the country’s border with Mali. In June, more than 2 million people in Burkina Faso were displaced due to “violence linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State group.”

Central African Republic: While there have not been specific incidents of U.S. citizens targeted with violence or crime, violent crime and sudden closure of roads and borders is common. The advisory states that “Embassy Bangui’s limited capacity to provide support to U.S. citizens, crime, civil unrest, and kidnapping” is a factor in its assessment. Recent data from UNICEF suggests the country has the worst drinking water accessibility of all countries in 2022.

Myanmar (Formerly Burma): Armed conflict and civil unrest are the primary reasons to not travel to this Southeast Asian country, which experienced a military coup in early 2021. Limited health care resources, wrongful detentions and “areas with land mines and unexploded ordnance” are also listed as risk factors. After Ukraine and Israel, Myanmar had the highest conflict-related death toll in 2023.

Gaza : Hamas, a foreign terrorist organization as designated by the State Department, controls much of the Gaza Strip, which shares borders with both Israel and Egypt. On Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas fighters broke across the border into Israel, killing hundreds of civilians and soldiers in a brazen attack that stunned Israelis. On Oct. 10, Israel hit the Gaza Strip with “the fiercest air strikes in its 75-year conflict” according to Reuters . The conflict has since escalated into war between Israel and Hamas, with regular Israeli airstrikes leading to extensive civilian casualties in Gaza. As of mid-December, nearly 85% of Gaza’s population were displaced from their homes, according to UN estimates . The region continues to face shortages of food , water, electricity and medical supplies , with conditions deemed “far beyond a humanitarian crisis.” The State Department warns of terrorism and armed conflict within Gaza’s borders.

Haiti: In July 2023, the Department of State ordered all non-emergency U.S. government personnel and family members to leave the U.S. Embassy in Port-au-Prince in response to the increased risk of kidnapping and violent crime in the country , as well as armed conflict between gangs and police. The travel advisory states that cases of kidnapping “often involve ransom negotiations and U.S. citizen victims have been physically harmed during kidnappings.” The travel advisory also states that “U.S. citizens in Haiti should depart Haiti as soon as possible” given “the current security situation and infrastructure challenges.” A series of gang attacks in late September 2023 caused thousands to flee their homes, and many aid groups have been forced to cut or suspend operations amid escalating violence in recent months.

Iran: Terrorism, kidnapping and civil unrest are risk factors for all travelers to Iran, while U.S. citizens are specifically at risk for “arbitrary arrest.” U.S.-Iranian nationals such as students, journalists and business travelers have been arrested on charges of espionage and threatening national security. Executions in Iran rose sharply between 2021 and 2022, bringing the country’s total to nearly 580 people over the year, according to a report by Amnesty International released in May 2023.

Iraq: The State Department cites “terrorism, kidnapping, armed conflict [and] civil unrest” as cause for the country’s Level 4 distinction. Iraq’s northern borders, and its border with Syria, are especially dangerous. Since the escalation of conflict in neighboring Israel in October, there has been an increase in attacks against Iraqi military bases, which host U.S. troops and other international forces. In October 2023, non-emergency U.S. government personnel and eligible family members were ordered to leave the U.S. embassy in Baghdad.

Libya: Following the end of its dictatorship over a decade ago, Libya has been wrought with internal conflict between armed groups in the East and West. Armed conflict, civil unrest, crime, kidnapping and terrorism are all risk factors. U.S. citizens have been targets of kidnapping for ransom, with terrorists targeting hotels and airports frequented by Westerners. The U.S. Embassy in Tripoli halted operations in 2014. In mid-September 2023, floods, which some say were intensified by climate change , killed thousands in eastern Libya. Clashes between armed factions escalated across the country in the latter half of 2023, including in the capital city of Tripoli and in Benghazi.

Mali: After experiencing military coups in 2020 and 2021, crime, terrorism and kidnapping are all prevalent threats in this West African landlocked nation. In July 2022, non-emergency U.S. government employees and their families were ordered to leave the country due to higher risk of terrorist activity. A U.N. report in August 2023 said that military groups in the country, including both Mali security forces and possibly Russian Wagner mercenaries, were spreading terror through the use of violence against women and human rights abuses. Democratic elections were supposed to occur in February 2024, but Mali’s military junta postponed the plans indefinitely. In December, the U.N. officially ended a decade-long peacekeeping presence in the country, which had been among the agency’s deadliest missions, with hundreds of the mission personnel killed since 2013.

Mexico: Each state in Mexico is assessed separately for travel advisory levels. Six of the 32 states in Mexico are designated as Level 4: Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas and Zacatecas. Crime and kidnapping are listed as the primary risk factors throughout the country. Nearly 112,000 people were missing across the country as of October, a number the U.N. has called “alarming.”

North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea): U.S. passports are not valid for travel “to, in, or through” this country, home to one of the world's longest-running dynastic dictatorships. The travel advisory states that the Level 4 distinction is due to “the continuing serious risk of arrest and long-term detention of U.S. nationals.” In July 2023, a U.S. soldier fled across the border into North Korea, where he is believed to be in North Korean custody, the first American detained in the North in nearly five years. He was returned to U.S. custody in September 2023.

Russia: The travel advisory for Russia cites its invasion of Ukraine , harassment of U.S. citizens by Russian government officials and arbitrary law enforcement as a few of the reasons for the Level 4 designation. Chechnya and Mount Elbrus are specifically listed as Level 4 regions. Terrorism, civil unrest, health, kidnapping and wrongful detention are all noted as risks.

Russia Invades Ukraine: A Timeline

Somalia: A severe drought resulting from five failed rainy seasons in a row killed 43,000 people in 2022, and caused a famine amid conflict with Islamist insurgents . Violent crime is common throughout Somalia , pirates frequent its coast off the Horn of Africa, and medical facilities, where they exist, have limited capacity. Crime, terrorism, civil unrest, health and kidnapping are all risk factors. In January 2024, some passengers aboard a U.N.-contracted helicopter were taken hostage by al-Shabaab militants after the vehicle crashed in central Somalia.

South Sudan: Crime, kidnapping and armed conflict are the primary risk factors for South Sudan, which separated from Sudan in 2011, making it the world’s newest country . Weapons are readily available, and travelers have been victims of sexual assault and armed robbery.

Sudan: The U.S. evacuated its embassy in Khartoum in April 2023, and the country closed its airspace due to the ongoing conflict in the country, only permitting humanitarian aid and evacuation efforts. Fighting has escalated in the region between two warring generals seeking to gain control after a military coup in 2021 ousted the country’s prime minister. Civil unrest is the primary risk factor for Africa’s third largest country by area. Crime, terrorism, kidnapping and armed conflict are also noted. The International Criminal Court began investigating alleged war crimes and violence against African ethnic groups in the country in 2023. Millions have fled their homes due to conflict, and the U.N. has said its efforts to provide aid have been hindered by a lack of support, safety and resources. As recently as December 2023, the United Nations warned of catastrophic famine , with millions of children at-risk for malnutrition .

Syria: The advisory states that “No part of Syria is safe from violence,” with terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, armed conflict and risk of unjust detention all potential risk factors. U.S. citizens are often a target for kidnappings and detention. The U.S. Embassy in Damascus halted operations in 2012. Fighting in neighboring Israel has escalated since October, and the conflict has spilled over into Syria, where the U.S. has carried out air strikes following drone and rocket attacks against American troops in Syria and Iraq, triggered by the Israel-Hamas war.

Ukraine: Russian setbacks in their invasion of Ukraine buoyed hopes in Ukraine in 2023. However, Ukraine is a Level 4 country due to Russia’s invasion, with crime and civil unrest also noted as risk factors. The country’s forces shot down two Russian fighter jets on Christmas Eve 2023, in a move Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said “sets the right mood for the entire year ahead.”

Venezuela: Human rights abuses and lack of health care plague this South American nation, which has been in a political crisis since 2014. In 2019, diplomatic personnel were withdrawn from the U.S. Embassy in Caracas. Threats in the country include crime, civil unrest, kidnapping, wrongful detention and poor health infrastructure.

Yemen: Six of the nine risk factors defined by the State Department – terrorism, civil unrest, health risks, kidnapping, armed conflict and landmines – are all present in Yemen. Despite private companies offering tourist visits to the Yemeni island of Socotra, the U.S. government argues those arranging such visits “are putting tourists in danger.” Civil war and cholera are also both present throughout the country. The U.S. Embassy in Sanaa halted operations in 2015. The country has experienced a relative lull in the civil war fighting, but as peace negotiations have gotten traction, flare ups in the fighting have jeopardized progress. Most recently, the U.S. and U.K. have carried out a series of airstrikes in the country, targeting Iran-backed Houthi sites.

Other Countries to Watch

Since Jan. 1, the State Department has updated travel advisories for 17 different countries as well as for the West Bank and Gaza, adding information about specific regions or risk factors, or simply renewing an existing advisory. Travel advisory levels can change based on several factors in a nation, such as increased civil unrest, policies that affect human rights or higher risks of unlawful detention.

The State Department has given about 25 countries an assessment of Level 3, meaning it recommends people “reconsider travel” to those destinations.

On Oct. 14, one week after the deadly Hamas attack on Israel, Israel and the West Bank were both moved from Level 2 to Level 3, while Gaza remains at Level 4. The region’s travel advisory was updated in November to reflect travel restrictions for certain government employees who have not already left the area, and it was updated again on Jan. 3.

Following the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war in early October, the U.S. State Department raised Lebanon ’s travel advisory level from a Level 3 to a Level 4 level due to “the unpredictable security situation related to rocket, missile, and artillery exchanges” between Israel and Hezbollah or other militant groups. In December, the U.S. Embassy in Beirut returned to normal staffing and presence, and on Jan. 29, the country was moved back to Level 3. Crime, terrorism, armed conflict, civil unrest, kidnapping and unexploded landmines are listed as the country’s primary risk factors. However, the country’s borders with Syria and with Israel, as well as refugee settlements within Lebanon, are specifically noted as Level 4 regions.

China became a Level 3 country in late 2020, with an update in December 2022 citing “the surge in COVID-19 cases, arbitrary enforcement of local laws, and COVID-19-related restrictions” as the reason for the advisory. In June 2023, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) was moved from the Level 3 to the Level 2 list, but travelers are still advised to be cautious in the area due to “arbitrary enforcement of local laws.” Meanwhile, Macau remains at Level 3.

Following an attempted coup in August 2023, Niger was elevated to Level 4 in August and the Department of State ordered all non-emergency U.S. government personnel and family members to leave the U.S. Embassy in Niamey. In early January 2024, the overall risk level for the country was lowered back to Level 3. Despite the new classification, the State Department still asks non-emergency government personnel and eligible family members to depart the country.

In mid-December 2023 there was an explosion at Guinea’s main fuel depot which has since affected access to health care and basic goods and services. The country was subsequently designated a Level 3 nation after having previously been Level 2. Concerns about civil unrest, health, crime and fuel shortages impacting local infrastructure were listed as the primary risk factors contributing to the change.

Several Level 3 countries are among the worst countries for human trafficking, as designated by the State Department’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report . Level 3 countries on this list include Papua New Guinea, Guinea Bissau, China and Chad. There are also nine Level 4 countries designated as among the worst for human trafficking: Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, Russia, Syria, South Sudan and Venezuela.

Over 70 countries are currently at Level 2, meaning the State Department recommends travelers “exercise increased caution” when traveling to those destinations.

Botswana became the newest Level 2 country on Feb. 26 after having previously been Level 1, with crime noted as the primary risk factor.

France, which saw nationwide protests throughout 2023, has civil unrest and terrorism noted as risk factors for its Level 2 status, and Sweden’s Level 2 status is associated with risks of terrorism.

The Level 2 travel advisory for the Bahamas was updated in January to reflect water safety concerns. The advisory warns that “activities involving commercial recreational watercraft, including water tours, are not consistently regulated” and notes that government personnel are “not permitted to use independently operated jet-ski rentals on New Providence and Paradise Islands.” It also warns visitors to be mindful of sharks, weather and water conditions. The advisory also says that crime is a primary risk factor with gang-on-gang violence contributing to high homicide rates in some areas. Visitors are asked to “be vigilant” and to not physically resist robbery attempts.

Bangladesh 's Level 2 travel advisory was updated in October 2023 to add a note about the country’s general election , which took place Jan. 7, 2024. The advisory states “demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and escalate into violence.” The U.S. has since claimed the country’s election was not free nor fair.

In November 2023, several Level 2 travel advisories were updated with new cautionary information. The advisory for Ghana was updated to reflect threats against LGBTQI+ travelers specifically, noting “anti-LGBTQI+ rhetoric and violence have increased in recent years.” Meanwhile, the advisory for South Africa was updated in February to note that routes recommended by GPS may be unsafe with higher risk for crime.

Turkmenistan was moved off of the Level 2 list to become the newest addition to the Level 1 list on Jan. 22, meaning normal precautions are recommended but there are no risk factors causing travelers to practice increased caution.

The State Department asks travelers to pay attention to travel advisory levels and alerts , review country information pages for their destinations and read related country security reports before going abroad.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and declared on March 11, 2020 that the COVID-19 outbreak can be described as a pandemic. Symptoms of COVID-19 are mainly fever and cough, while some patients presented with shortness of breath and were in serious condition. The global epidemic situation of COVID-19 still remains. The Department of Health advises travellers to complete COVID-19 vaccination before travel according to the latest recommendations to effectively protect against COVID-19 disease and maintain at all times strict personal and hand hygiene. Travellers should be aware of the latest situation of COVID-19 at the destination and any quarantine requirements upon entry to the travel destination. For Points to Note for Quarantine for Inbound Travellers into Hong Kong, please refer to: https://www.coronavirus.gov.hk/eng/inbound-travel.html

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Hong Kong slams ‘political manoeuvres’ as US and Canada urge travellers to exercise caution in city

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US and Canadian authorities’ calls for caution when travelling to Hong Kong following the enactment of new security legislation amounted to “political manoeuvres” and “twisted remarks,” the city’s government has said .

The Hong Kong government on Saturday “strongly condemned” the US and Canada after the two countries warned travellers about “arbitrary enforcement of local laws” under the Beijing-imposed national security law and the newly passed Safeguarding National Security Ordinance .

In the Saturday statement, a government spokesperson defended the laws, saying that the new legislation targets acts endangering national security “with precision” and “defines elements and penalties of the offences with clarity.”

Hong Kong also slammed Australia, the UK, and Taiwan after they updated their travel advisories in a similarly worded rebuttal last month.

According to the US Department of State, Hong Kong is a Level 2 destination, meaning travellers were advised to “exercise increased caution due to the arbitrary enforcement of local laws.”

“Following the Hong Kong SAR government’s enactment of its own Safeguarding National Security Ordinance on March 23, 2024, Hong Kong SAR authorities are expected to take additional actions to further restrict civil liberties,” an update made to the travel advisory last Friday read.

The US also cautioned against participating in demonstrations “or any other activities that authorities interpret as constituting an act of secession, subversion, terrorism, or collusion with a foreign country.”

Canada on Thursday advised travellers to exercise a “high degree of caution… due to the risk of arbitrary enforcement of local laws.”

The advisory said that the scope of the city’s security laws could include activities not considered illegal in Canada and that occurred outside Hong Kong, including social media posts.

It also said that journalists in Hong Kong faced restrictions in their work. “You should be particularly vigilant if researching or reporting on subjects critical of or sensitive to the government. You may face censorship,” it said.

In the Saturday statement, the Hong Kong said the city “has always welcomed ordinary travellers and businessmen” including those from the US and Canada. “They will not conduct acts and activities endangering national security and will not unwittingly violate the law, and therefore have no reason to be worried.”

“Only intruders trying to plunder and loot will not want Hong Kong to safeguard our country in accordance with the law,” the statement continued.

“The HKSAR Government strongly urges the relevant countries to stop their attempts to interfere Hong Kong in safeguarding national security in accordance with the law by deploying such political tactics as updating the so-called foreign travel advice,” it said.

Separate to the 2020 Beijing-enacted  security law , the homegrown  Safeguarding National Security Ordinance – known locally as Article 23 – targets treason, insurrection, sabotage, external interference, sedition, theft of state secrets and espionage.

It allows for  pre-charge detention  of to up to 16 days, and  suspects’ access to lawyers  may be restricted, with penalties involving  up to life in prison .  Article 23 was shelved  in 2003 amid mass protests, remaining taboo for years. But, on March 23, 2024, it was enacted having been  fast-tracked  and unanimously approved at the city’s opposition-free legislature.

The law has  been criticised by rights NGOs ,  Western states  and  the UN  as vague, broad and “regressive.” Authorities, however, cited perceived foreign interference and a constitutional duty to “close loopholes” after the  2019 protests and unrest .

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Following the passing of the Article 23 legislation at the Legislative Council (LegCo) of the Hong Kong Special ...

Passing Thru Travel

Exploring Hong Kong: 11 Must-See Attractions for an Unforgettable Journey

Posted: March 4, 2024 | Last updated: March 4, 2024

Hong Kong, a bustling metropolis known for its skyline, vibrant street life, and rich cultural tapestry, offers an exhilarating blend of tradition and modernity. This guide explores the multifaceted experiences of Hong Kong, from its towering skyscrapers and bustling markets to tranquil temples and lush green spaces.

1. Victoria Peak

Victoria Peak, the highest point in Hong Kong, offers an unparalleled view of the city’s skyline. This sight is as breathtaking by day as it is glittering by night. The journey to the peak is an experience, with the Peak Tram providing a steep and picturesque ascent. Once at the summit, the Peak Circle Walk, a leisurely path around the peak, offers various vantage points to view the sprawling metropolis below.

The Peak Galleria, a shopping and dining complex at the top, provides a range of options for refreshment and leisure, making it a perfect spot to relax after a walk. The blend of natural beauty and urban sophistication at Victoria Peak encapsulates the essence of Hong Kong, offering a moment of tranquility above the city’s hustle and bustle.

Insider’s Tip: Visit during the late afternoon to enjoy the sunset and witness the city lights come alive at dusk.

How To Get There: Take the Peak Tram from its Garden Road terminus in Central, or bus 15 from Exchange Square bus terminus.

Best Time To Travel: The views are best on clear days, typically from October to December.

2. Temple Street Night Market

The Temple Street Night Market, located in the heart of Kowloon, is a vibrant showcase of Hong Kong’s lively street culture. As the sun sets, the market streets come alive with vendors selling an array of goods, from traditional Chinese medicine and jade to electronics and souvenirs. The market is a vibrant cultural experience.

Here, you can savor local street food specialties, enjoy impromptu opera performances, and even have your fortune told. The bustling atmosphere, with its mix of locals and tourists, creates a lively environment that is quintessentially Hong Kong. A stroll through the Temple Street Night Market offers a glimpse into the city’s everyday life and its rich, multifaceted culture.

Insider’s Tip: Try some local street food delicacies like egg tarts or fish balls from the market’s numerous food stalls.

How To Get There: The market is easily accessible via the MTR, alighting at Jordan Station.

Best Time To Travel: The market operates daily from 4 PM, but the best atmosphere builds up after 7 PM.

3. The Star Ferry

The Star Ferry, a historic mode of transport between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, is a symbol of the city’s heritage. The ferry ride offers a unique perspective of Hong Kong’s iconic skyline, set against the backdrop of Victoria Harbour.

The experience of crossing the harbor on the Star Ferry is both humbling and awe-inspiring, as one witnesses the grandeur of the city from a vantage point that has remained unchanged for over a century. The gentle rhythm of the ferry’s journey and its panoramic views make it a must-do for anyone seeking to experience the essence of Hong Kong.

Insider’s Tip: Take a ride at night to see the Symphony of Lights, a spectacular light and sound show featuring more than 40 buildings on both sides of the harbor.

How To Get There: Ferries depart from Central Pier on Hong Kong Island and Tsim Sha Tsui Pier in Kowloon.

Best Time To Travel: Evening rides offer the most dramatic views of the city’s illuminated skyline.

4. Lantau Island and the Tian Tan Buddha

Lantau Island, the largest of Hong Kong’s islands, starkly contrasts the city’s urban landscape. The island is home to the Tian Tan Buddha, a majestic 34-meter-high bronze statue atop 268 steps. This serene and spiritual site offers a panoramic view of the island’s lush mountains and the South China Sea.

The nearby Po Lin Monastery and Ngong Ping Village provide a cultural and spiritual exploration, with opportunities to enjoy vegetarian meals prepared by the monks. Lantau Island’s tranquil environment, with its natural beauty and spiritual landmarks, offers a peaceful retreat from the city’s frenetic pace, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in a different aspect of Hong Kong’s diverse character.

Insider’s Tip: Take the Ngong Ping 360 cable car for a scenic journey to the Buddha statue, with breathtaking views of the island.

How To Get There: Take the MTR to Tung Chung Station, then the Ngong Ping 360 cable car.

Best Time To Travel: Weekdays to avoid crowds, with clear skies for the best views from the cable car and at the Buddha.

5. Hong Kong Park

Hong Kong Park, nestled among the skyscrapers of Central Hong Kong, highlights the city’s ability to blend urban development with natural beauty. This tranquil park, with its aviary, artificial lake, and lush greenery, provides a peaceful escape from the urban jungle. The park’s design seamlessly integrates natural landscapes with modern facilities, including sports courts and playgrounds.

The Edward Youde Aviary, one of the park’s highlights, is home to a variety of exotic birds, offering a chance to connect with nature amidst the city. The Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware, located within the park, adds a cultural dimension, showcasing the art and history of Chinese tea.

Hong Kong Park is a green space and a symbol of the city’s harmonious coexistence with nature and its commitment to providing breathing spaces for its residents and visitors.

Insider’s Tip: Visit the Edward Youde Aviary early in the morning to see various birds in a more tranquil setting.

How To Get There: The park is centrally located in Admiralty and is easily accessible on foot or by MTR.

Best Time To Travel: The park is beautiful year-round, but spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for outdoor activities.

6. Lan Kwai Fong and SoHo

Lan Kwai Fong and SoHo, two of Hong Kong’s most popular nightlife districts, offer a pulsating mix of bars, restaurants, and clubs. These areas are the epicenter of the city’s after-dark activities, buzzing with energy and excitement. With its steep, narrow lanes, Lan Kwai Fong is known for its vibrant bar scene, attracting a lively crowd of locals and expats.

SoHo, short for “South of Hollywood Road,” offers a more diverse experience with an array of international cuisines, art galleries, and boutique shops. The Mid-Levels Escalator, the world’s longest outdoor covered escalator system, connects these two areas, making them easily accessible.

The dynamic atmosphere of Lan Kwai Fong and SoHo, with their blend of culinary delights, artistic expressions, and nocturnal revelry, captures the cosmopolitan spirit of Hong Kong.

Insider’s Tip: Explore the side streets and hidden alleys for unique bars and eateries away from the main crowds.

How To Get There: Both areas are within walking distance from the Central MTR station.

Best Time To Travel: Evenings, especially on weekends, when the areas are most lively.

7. The Hong Kong Museum of History

The Hong Kong Museum of History presents a comprehensive narrative of the city’s rich and complex heritage. Spanning millions of years, from its geological formation and prehistoric times to the modern metropolis it is today, the museum offers a deep dive into Hong Kong’s multifaceted past.

The exhibits are meticulously curated, featuring detailed dioramas, authentic artifacts, and interactive displays. Key highlights include the recreation of old Hong Kong streets, giving visitors a sense of walking through history. This museum is not just a place to observe; it’s an educational journey that brings the story of Hong Kong and its people to life.

Insider’s Tip: Allocate several hours to fully appreciate the extensive exhibits, which comprehensively understand Hong Kong’s history.

How To Get There: The museum is located in Tsim Sha Tsui, accessible via the MTR.

Best Time To Travel: Weekday mornings are less crowded, offering a more relaxed experience.

8. The Dragon’s Back Hike

The Dragon’s Back hike, renowned for its breathtaking coastal views, is a must-do for nature enthusiasts visiting Hong Kong. Named for its undulating ridges that resemble a dragon’s spine, this trail offers stunning vistas of the South China Sea and the lush Shek O Country Park. The hike culminates at Shek O Peak, where the panoramic views are unparalleled.

The trail then descends to Big Wave Bay, a perfect spot to relax and unwind after the trek. The Dragon’s Back hike emphasizes Hong Kong’s natural beauty, showcasing a side of the city that contrasts sharply with its urban landscape.

Insider’s Tip: Continue the hike to Big Wave Bay and relax on the beach after your trek.

How To Get There: Take bus 9 from Shau Kei Wan MTR Station to the trail’s starting point.

Best Time To Travel: Autumn and spring offer the best weather for hiking, with clear skies and moderate temperatures.

9. Wong Tai Sin Temple

Wong Tai Sin Temple, a revered Taoist temple, is a colorful and vibrant place of worship known for its practice of Kau Cim, a method of fortune-telling. The temple’s ornate traditional Chinese architecture, with its red pillars, golden roof, and intricate carvings, is a visual feast.

The temple grounds also feature a beautifully landscaped garden, adding to the serene atmosphere. Visitors come here not only to seek spiritual guidance but also to experience a peaceful and contemplative environment. Wong Tai Sin Temple is a cultural landmark that offers a glimpse into the spiritual practices and beliefs of Hong Kong’s people.

Insider’s Tip: Participate in the Kau Cim fortune-telling ritual for a unique cultural experience.

How To Get There: The temple is easily accessible by MTR, alighting at Wong Tai Sin Station.

Best Time To Travel: Visit on weekdays to avoid crowds on weekends and religious holidays.

10. Aberdeen Harbor and Jumbo Kingdom

Aberdeen Harbor, once a quiet fishing village, is now a vibrant waterfront area reflecting Hong Kong’s maritime heritage. The harbor is home to the famous Jumbo Kingdom, one of the world’s largest floating restaurants, known for its lavish decoration and fine dining.

A sampan ride around the harbor offers a unique perspective of the traditional lifestyle of the Tanka people, who have lived on boats in the harbor for generations. Aberdeen combines the old and the new, showcasing Hong Kong’s evolution while preserving its maritime traditions.

Insider’s Tip: Take a sampan ride around the harbor for an up-close view of the local fishermen’s way of life.

How To Get There: Aberdeen is accessible by bus or taxi from Central or by taking a sampan from the Aberdeen Promenade.

Best Time To Travel: Late afternoon or evening to enjoy the harbor lights and a dinner on the water.

11. The Markets of Mong Kok

Mong Kok, characterized by its high population density and vibrant street life, is home to some of Hong Kong’s most famous markets. The Ladies’ Market, Flower Market, and Bird Market each offer a unique shopping and cultural experience.

The Ladies Market is known for its clothing, accessories, and souvenirs, while the Flower Market is a colorful array of fresh flowers and plants. The Bird Market is a fascinating place where songbirds are sold in intricate bamboo cages.

Exploring these markets provides a sensory and cultural adventure, showcasing the lively and bustling nature of Hong Kong’s street commerce.

Insider’s Tip: Haggle to get the best prices, as bargaining is common in these markets.

How To Get There: Mong Kok is easily accessible by MTR, with each market within walking distance of the station.

Best Time To Travel: The markets are most vibrant in the late afternoon or early evening .

The Bottom Line

Hong Kong is a city of contrasts, where ancient traditions coexist with modern dynamism. As you explore its bustling streets, tranquil parks, and scenic trails, immerse yourself in the city’s vibrant culture and discover the unique experiences that make Hong Kong truly captivating. Remember, Hong Kong is much more than a destination; it’s a journey through diverse experiences and endless discoveries.

To fully experience the essence of Hong Kong, venture beyond the tourist spots. Explore the local neighborhoods, try the street food, and engage with the locals. This approach will enrich your understanding of the city and provide a more authentic and memorable experience.

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The post Exploring Hong Kong: 11 Must-See Attractions for an Unforgettable Journey republished on Passing Thru with permission from The Green Voyage .

Featured Image Credit: Shutterstock / Perfect Lazybones.

For transparency, this content was partly developed with AI assistance and carefully curated by an experienced editor to be informative and ensure accuracy.

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Jessie Pang joined Reuters in 2019 after an internship. She covers Hong Kong with a focus on politics and general news.

Joyce is a talented visual journalist based in Hong Kong and Greater China, driven by a profound passion for capturing historical moments and sharing stories through the medium of video. Her exceptional skills and dedication to her craft earned her the prestigious title of Reuters Video Journalist of the Year in 2019. Joyce's work revolves around documenting significant events and exploring the rich cultural tapestry of the region. Outside of her professional pursuits, she finds solace and inspiration in hiking, immersing herself in the beauty of nature. With a deep appreciation for tea, Joyce enjoys discovering its diverse flavours and delving into its rich history.

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Beneath the calm, Hong Kong’s new security law drives deeper, quieter changes

FILE - Visitors look at sunset from a hill in Hong Kong, Friday, March 22, 2024. Two weeks after Hong Kong introduced a new national security law, life in the city appears unchanged. A 2020 law drew thousands of protesters to the streets when it was enacted. Now, that’s seen as too risky.(AP Photo/Louise Delmotte, File)

FILE - Hong Kong’s Chief Executive John Lee Ka-chiu poses for photographs with lawmakers following the passing of the Basic Law Article 23 legislation at the Legislative Council in Hong Kong, Tuesday, March 19, 2024. Two weeks after Hong Kong introduced a new national security law, life in the city appears unchanged. A 2020 law drew thousands of protesters to the streets when it was enacted. Now, that’s seen as too risky. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte, File)

FILE - A sign reading ‘IDEAS ARE BULLETPROOF’ is seen as visitors browse books on the last day of business of independent bookshop ‘Mount Zero’ in Hong Kong, Sunday, March 31, 2024. Two weeks after Hong Kong introduced a new national security law, life in the city appears unchanged. A 2020 law drew thousands of protesters to the streets when it was enacted. Now, that’s seen as too risky. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte, File)

FILE - People visit the International Immigration & Property expo in Hong Kong, Saturday, March 23, 2024. Two weeks after Hong Kong introduced a new national security law, life in the city appears unchanged. A 2020 law drew thousands of protesters to the streets when it was enacted. Now, that’s seen as too risky. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte, File)

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HONG KONG (AP) — On the surface, life in Hong Kong after a broad new national security law recently took effect appears unchanged.

A 2020 security law drew thousands of protesters to the streets when it was enacted. Now, that’s seen as too risky. This time, no arrests made headlines. There were no newsroom raids.

Instead, there’s a deeper, quieter wave of adaptation underway among Hong Kong residents who are living under the threat of more extensive restrictions after the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance took effect on March 23.

At an immigration expo during the law’s first two days, immigration consultant Ben Li’s booth was constantly busy, its small white tables all occupied. Inquiries about moving abroad jumped about 40% from last year’s expo. More than half of those asking cited the new ordinance, known locally as Article 23 , as a reason to consider emigration.

“The Article 23 legislation has brought a significant catalyzing effect,” Li said.

China promised to keep Hong Kong’s relative freedom and way of life unchanged for 50 years when Britain handed over control of its former colony to Communist-ruled Beijing in 1997. Those Western-style civil liberties, such as free speech and a free press, were the cornerstones of the city’s status as an international financial hub.

But since the 2020 law was imposed by Beijing after months of anti-government protests, they have been sharply curtailed. Many pro-democracy activists have been arrested, silenced or forced into exile. Dozens of civil society groups have been disbanded . Outspoken media like Apple Daily and Stand News have been shut down . And many disillusioned young professionals and middle-class families have emigrated to Britain, Canada and Taiwan.

Hong Kong’s Basic Law, or constitution, mandated that the city enact a national security law, but for 27 years the Legislative Council didn’t pass one, with widespread opposition to an earlier attempt to enact such a law in 2003. The Hong Kong government asserts the law is needed to prevent a recurrence of the tumultuous 2019 protests. It says the law balances national security with safeguarding freedoms.

Still, many fear falling afoul of the law — which targets colluding with “external forces” to endanger security, unlawful disclosure of state secrets, sabotage and espionage, among others. Grave acts such as treason and insurrection are punishable by up to life in prison. Some provisions allow criminal prosecution for acts committed anywhere in the world.

Facing those risks, some people have opted to play it safe.

An independent bookstore owner said it took about 30 books off the shelves, fearing it might be accused of distributing seditious publications. The titles were about the 2019 protests, Tibet and Xinjiang, all politically sensitive topics in mainland China. The books will be trashed.

The owner, who spoke on the condition of anonymity due to fear of government retribution, said they removed the books because of the harsher provisions of the new law, which allows police to seek court approval to extend the detention of suspects without charges and prohibit suspects from consulting certain lawyers. The bookseller worried they would not have a fair trial if charged.

“It’s a pity,” the bookseller said. “This is an unnecessary infringement of freedom of speech.”

Under the law, sedition offenses carry a sentence of up to seven years, or 10 years if a person is convicted of working with foreign governments or organizations to carry out the activities. The government maintains that criticism intended to improve its policies will not be prosecuted, but there has been less leeway for public dissent since the 2020 law took effect.

The League of Social Democrats, one of Hong Kong’s few remaining pro-democracy parties, will be more careful about its publicity materials to avoid being considered seditious, said its chairwoman, Chan Po-ying.

“When things are uncertain, anyone would get worried,” she said.

John Burns, an honorary professor of politics and public administration at the University of Hong Kong, said residents are adopting coping strategies seen on mainland China, avoiding voicing opinions that might get them in trouble. But Hong Kong still has more space for dissent than the mainland, he said.

“So caution rules,” he said.

Days after the law took effect, the U.S.-funded news outlet Radio Free Asia announced it was closing its Hong Kong bureau because of safety concerns under the new legislation and pointed to criticism by authorities. It was yet another narrowing of the space for press freedom at a time when local journalists are struggling with how to adjust to potential new risks.

Ronson Chan, an editor at online media Channel C HK, is personally handling sensitive stories to minimize risks for his colleagues due to the wider scope of the law’s definition of state secrets. The defintion echoes the one used in mainland China, which covers economic, social and technological developments and criminal investigations, beyond traditional areas of national security.

The law also is also prompting adjustments in the legal and business communities.

Dominic Chiu, a senior analyst at the Eurasia Group, said some companies, including law firms, already had taken the precaution of restricting access for their Hong Kong staff to their global databases. That might not involve an “all-out ban,” but instead might require special approval to access foreign clients’ files, he said.

Those steps, taken even before the first draft of the new law was made public, were prompted by a belief that Hong Kong will eventually align its data security policies with those in mainland China. So the companies aligned their data policies with those of mainland China, Chiu said.

Banks and technology companies have not yet made plans to leave Hong Kong, said George Chen, Hong Kong-based managing director for The Asia Group, a Washington-headquartered business and policy consultancy. After all, many of them operate in other Chinese cities. But some companies are internally reviewing whether certain sensitive roles, such as those handling user data, should be moved elsewhere, he said.

In an emailed response to questions from The Associated Press, the government said it strongly condemned “all scaremongering and smearing remarks” about the law. It said other countries have similar laws and that the law just improves Hong Kong’s legal framework for safeguarding national security, thereby creating a more stable business environment.

“To single out Hong Kong and suggest that journalists and businesses would only experience concerns when operating here but not in other places would be grossly biased, if not outrageous,” it said.

Officials say the law only targets “an extremely small minority of people” who jeopardize security, similar to what mainland Chinese officials say about Beijing’s own expanding national security precautions.

George Chen would like to hear less about the topic.

“Hong Kong has been through a lot over the past few years and now we hear more and more clients telling us — can Hong Kong now move on?” Chen said. “Let’s talk less about national security every day but focus more on the real economy and business.”

Associated Press writer Zen Soo contributed to this report.