pre trip inspection section c

CDL Pre-Trip Inspection Checklist

Studying this Class-A CDL pre-trip inspection checklist is an important part of truck driver training. Before getting your Class-A CDL and finding an entry level truck driving job , most states will require students to pass a DOT (department of transportation) pre-trip inspection test and a general knowledge test .

Each company’s pre-trip inspection varies slightly. Most likely you will have to do the coupling system, light check and in-cab inspections plus one of the remaining three sections.

Pre Trip Inspection Checklist

Download free and print it! Printable Pre Trip Inspection Checklist (PDF)

There are many sections to learn but the test is not as difficult as it may seem. Studying our simplified Class-A pre-trip inspection checklist and taking classes at your local CDL training school will get you prepared.

Engine Compartment

Driver door fuel area, coupling area, light check, in-cab inspection and brake tests, belt driven alternator, belt driven water pump, brake chamber, brake lining, caste nuts and cotter pins, coolant reservoir, gear box and hoses, gear driven air compressor, gear driven power steering pump.

• General Hoses

Leaf Springs

Power steering fluid reservoir, shock absorber, slack adjuster and push rod, spring hanger, steering column, what to check for:.

When checking the engine compartment, you will always want to make sure the following components are properly mounted and secured. You should also make sure they are not cracked, bent or broken. The items you will need to check for include:

• Make sure all of the wires are connected. The belt should not be cracked or frayed and the free play on the belt should be between ½ to ¾ of an inch.
• The free play on the belt should be between ½ to ¾ of an inch. Also check all the hoses running to and from the water pump to make sure nothing is leaking.
• The brake chamber should not be leaking air.
• The brake drum should be properly mounted and secure.
• The brake hose is rubber, so it is important to make sure it is not leaking air.
• Check for oil or debris on the lining. There should be at least ¼ of an inch of friction material.
• Make sure all three caste nuts and cotter pins are present.
• The reservoir should not leaking and must be filled to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• Make sure the drag link is properly mounted and secure, and not cracked, bent or broken.
• The gear box and hoses should have no abrasions, bulges or cuts, and should not be leaking.
• Although the air compressor is hard to see, you must make sure it is properly mounted and does not leak.
• The steering pump is located in the same place as the air compressor and is also gear driven. Ensure the steering pump is not leaking.

General Hoses (Passenger and Driver’s Side)

• The hoses should be secure at both ends. There should be no abrasions, bulges or cuts. Fluids run through these hoses, so it is important to make sure they are not leaking.
• The hub seal (or axle seal) should not be leaking and should be filled to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• Make sure none of the leaf springs have shifted.
• Check for leaks under the truck.
• There should be no lug nuts missing. Look for rust trails, powder residue and cracks around the bolt holes.
• The oil level should be filled to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• Make sure the pitman arm is properly mounted and secure. It should be not cracked, bent or broken.
• Make sure this reservoir is not leaking and filled to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• The rim cannot have any unauthorized welds.
• Make sure the shock absorber is not leaking. If it is leaking, the leak will be at the point where the top and bottom portion of the shock meet.
• With the brakes released and pulled by hand, the push rod should never move more than one inch.
• The spring hanger should be properly mounted and secure.
• Make sure the steering column is properly mounted and secure. It should not be cracked, bent or broken.
• Look for abrasions, bulges or cuts on the tread or sidewalls. Tread depth should have a depth no less than 4/32 of an inch. Tires must be properly filled to the manufacturer’s specifications. This can be checked with an air gauge.
• Make sure the tie rod is properly mounted and secure, not cracked, bent or broken.
• Make sure all are accounted for.

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Catwalk and Steps

Door and hinges, drive shaft, exhaust system, frame and cross members, spring mount.

Again it is important to make sure these items are properly mounted and secure. Look for cracks, bends, and breaks.

• The actual airbag is rubber, so it is important to check for abrasions, bulges, cuts and leaks, in addition to any missing mounting bolts.
• The axle seal should not be leaking and should be filled to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• Make sure to mention the brake chamber is not leaking air.
• Make sure the brake drum is secured properly. Also look for cracks, bends and breaks.
• Check the brake hose at both ends to make sure it is not leaking air.
• There should be no oil or debris on the brake lining. There should be at least ¼ of an inch of friction material.
• The cat walk and steps should be clear of any loose objects.
• Physically demonstrate that the doors open, close and latch properly. Door seals should not be worn, torn or rotten.
• The drive shaft should not be twisted and the u-joints should be free of any debris.
• The tread and sidewalls should have no abrasions, bulges or cuts. The tread depth should be no less than 2/32 of an inch. Tires should be properly filled to the manufacturer’s specifications. This can be checked with an air gauge.
• The exhaust system should show no signs of leaks.
• There should be no unauthorized holes or welds. Bundle up the cross members to ensure none are missing.
• Fuel should not be leaking from the tank and the cap should always be on tight.
• Rust trails could indicate loose bolts, while powder residue and racks around the bolts could mean the bolts have been over-tightened.
• Mirrors should be clean for best visibility.
• Make sure the mud flap is secured properly. Also look for cracks, bends and breaks.
• Make sure to mention there should be never be any unauthorized welds.
• The shock absorber should be secure at both ends and not leaking. If it does leak, it will leak in the middle.
• With the brakes released and pulled by hand, the push rod should not move more than one inch.
• If you are equipped with duals, check to see there is proper spacing between the tires and there is nothing stuck.
• The spring arm should be secure at both ends.
• The spring mount should be secure at both ends.
• Make sure the torque arm is secured properly. Also look for cracks, bends and breaks.
• Make sure to check and mention that no U-bolts are missing.

Back to  top of Driver Door Fuel Area

Electric Line

Locking jaws, mounting bolts, release arm, sliding fifth wheel locking pin.

• Air lines should be secure at both ends with no abrasions, bulges or cuts. They should not be leaking, dragging or tangled.
• Make sure the apron is properly mounted and secure. Look for cracks, bends and breaks.
• Make sure there is enough space between the tractor mudflap and the trailer landing gear so that they don’t hit each other when making a turn.
• The electric line should be secure at both ends. There should be no abrasions, bulges, cuts or exposed wires.
• The gap is not an actual item, however there should be no space between the apron and the skid plate.
• The seals should be in good condition with no cracks, signs of rotting, or leaking air.
• Make sure the king pin is properly mounted and secure. Look for cracks, bends and breaks.
• You must physically check that the locking jaws is fully locked around the king pin.
• No mounting bolts should be missing.
• Make sure the platform is properly mounted and secure. Look for cracks, bends and breaks.
• The release arm should be in the fully locked position.
• The skid plate needs to be properly lubed.
• The pin must be in the fully locked position.

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Header Board

Landing gear, rear door and hinges.

• Shock Absorbers

Tandem Frame and Release

Trailer tire.

• Again make sure the airbag has no abrasions, bulges, cuts or leakings. The airbag should not be missing any mounting bolts.
• The brake chamber should be properly mounted so that is does not leak air.
• The brake hose should be secure at both ends with no abrasions, bulges, cuts or leaks.
• Check for oil or debris on the brake lining. There should be at least ¼ of an inch of friction material.
• There cannot be any missing cross members.
• The header board cannot have any holes or missing rivets.
• The landing gear must be fully raised and the cradle handle secure.
• Rust trails indicate loose bolts. Powder residue and cracks around the bolt holes could be an indication of over-tightened bolts.
• The rims cannot have any unauthorized welds.
• The rear door should open, close and latch properly. Door seals should not be worn, torn or dry rotten.
• The shock absorber should be checked at both ends for leaks.
• When the brakes are released and pulled by hand, the push rod should not move more than one inch.
• Release handle and locking pins should be in the fully locked position.

There should be no abrasions, bulges or cuts to the tread or sidewalls. Tread depth should be no less than 2/32 of an inch. The tire should be properly filled to manufacturer’s specifications and checked with an air gauge.

• Front of the truck
• Both sides of the truck
• Rear of the truck
• Both sides of the trailer
• Rear of the trailer

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The five functions are:

• Left turn signal
• Right turn signal
• Four way flashers
• High/low beams
• Brake lights

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• Airbrake Test

Air Pressure Gauges

Emergency equipment, heater and defroster, lighting indicators, oil pressure gauge, parking brake, service brake check, water temperature gauge, windshield and mirrors, windshield wipers and washers.

The last section is In-Cab Inspection and Brake Tests. For the In-Cab Inspection you will once again want to make sure all of the following components are properly mounted and secure. As well as the following:

Air Brake Test

There are three stages to an air brake test:

• Applied Pressure Test – When doing the Applied Pressure Test, you will want to build the air pressure to governor cut out. Put the truck in the lowest gear, turn the engine off and immediately turn it back on. Push in the tractor and trailer valves which will then release the parking brakes. Push and hold the brake pedal, allowing the gauges to stabilize. When the gauges have stabilized, announce the Primary and Secondary PSI. Listen for air leaks while doing this.
• Warning Light and Buzzer – Pump down on the brake pedal until the warning light and buzzer comes on. This is typically at or before 60 PSI.
• Tractor/Trailer Protection Valve Pop Out – Pump down on the brake pedal until the tractor and trailer protection valves pop out, this will be between 20 and 40 PSI.
• The air pressure gauges should build to governor cut out.
• Your truck should have a fire extinguisher, three red reflective triangles and spare electrical fuses.
• Demonstrate both the heater and defroster are working properly.

Horns (Air Horn and City Horn)

• Blow both horns to make sure they are working.
• Check the left turn, right turn, four way flashers and high beams; also point these out on the dashboard.
• Make sure transmission is in neutral and then fully depress the clutch. Turn the key on, check the ABS light, announce when it comes on and off, and start the engine.
• The seat belt should not be ripped or frayed and should adjust and latch properly.
• The engine oil pressure gauge should rise to normal operating range.
• Trailer Parking Brakes – Set the trailer brake, release the tractor brake, then tug lightly on the trailer.
• Tractor Parking Brakes – Set the tractor brake, release the trailer brake and tug lightly on the trailer.
• Release both the tractor and trailer brakes. Drive at idle speed. Apply the service brake to make sure you come to a complete stop and that it doesn’t pull to the left or right when applying the brakes.
• The voltmeter should be charging between 13 and 14 volts.
• The water temperature gauge should also rise to normal operating range.
• The windshield and mirrors must be clean, with no obstructions and in proper adjustment.
• Demonstrate the wipers and washers are working properly by spraying the windshield.

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During a CDL pre-trip inspection, truckers inspect many aspects of their commercial vehicle, including the overall safety of the vehicle; major hoses, fluid levels, and vehicle belts; the clutch or gear shift; and emergency equipment. The driver demonstrates their knowledge by walking around the vehicle, checking various safety components and explaining why each part should be checked for safety.

Reference and practice tests:

• Printable Pre Trip Inspection Checklist (PDF)
• CDL General Knowledge Practice Test
• Pre Trip Inspection Practice Test
• CDL HAZMAT Endorsement Practice Test

Edited for 2024 on  12/5/23

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How To Study For the CDL Pre-Trip Inspection

As a professional truck driver, there are crucial tasks to complete to be safe and stay compliant. One of the most important tasks is a CDL pre-trip inspection. Not only does this keep you and everyone else on the road safer, but it is required to remain compliant with FMCSA rules and regulations.

The nation has deemed truck drivers essential, and the industry needs new drivers more than ever. Roadmaster can help you start a new high paying career in about a month. And as a professional truck driver, there are crucial tasks to complete to be safe and stay compliant. These are the very things you’ll find when studying and testing.

One of the most important tasks is a CDL pre-trip inspection. Not only does this keep you and everyone else on the road safer, but it is required to remain compliant with FMCSA rules and regulations . It also keeps you in-the-know about how your truck is performing and if there are any issues that need to be addressed.

Here is a guide on how to study for a CDL pre-trip inspection.

What Is a CDL Pre-Trip Inspection?

The definition of a pre-trip inspection is self-explanatory – it is a complete assessment of the trailer, truck, and cargo before each trip. The DOT has a pre-trip inspection list and the guidelines dictate to follow their list. Rules dictate to document everything using a DVIR or driver vehicle inspection report according to federal law FMCSR Section 396.11.

A professional truck driver must have any problems found with the truck and trailer addressed before leaving. This includes things like damage or other issues affecting the trip. The inspection process should be thorough and doesn’t take long – around 15 minutes or so. During this time, the driver must report as on duty,  not driving.

This is one important aspect to learn in becoming a driver, so studying it is crucial.

Why Is It Important?

Your safety and the safety of others.

Any kind of issue with your truck can cause safety concerns. From damaged brakes to an unsecured load – these are the very things you are looking for with the inspection. It keeps you on your toes and ensures you know that every trip is the safest possible. This also has the added benefit of keeping you on the road more. You’ll avoid violations that ground you till it’s fixed. And you can better avoid an accident because of a fixable issue.

By learning this information and studying it, you’ll have the knowledge you need to prepare for the exam.

It’s the Law

It is your responsibility as a professional truck driver to ensure your truck is safe and road-ready. This means not only is it safe to operate, but it is free of issues that cause accidents. This has other benefits too. By catching any problems yourself, you are less likely to get a violation.

It Saves Extra Costs

With any situation, catching a problem before it’s a bigger problem is ideal. Instead of finding out you have a major repair, you might be able to find it while it’s still easily fixable. Plus, you have time to take it to a shop rather than a roadside service that costs more and is less convenient. And let’s not forget about how expensive towing is.

Steps in Studying for a CDL Pre-Trip Inspection

Now that you know how important a CDL pre-trip inspection is to your livelihood, here are the steps in conducting one. We showcase these steps to help you study for what the exam requires.

Under the Hood

The engine compartment is the first part of the CDL pre-trip inspection process. This is before you start the truck and the inspections include:

• Make sure kingpins, ball joints, and shocks look good and have lubrication
• Check fluid levels including windshield washer fluid, coolant, and oil
• Look at steering axle tires for uneven wear
• Look for fluid drips or leaks in and around the engine
• Secure the dipstick and tighten any loose caps
• Look for wear or damage to belts and hoses
• Check the blade and fan belt for cracks, nicks, or any other damage
• Check wiring for damage like frays or misplacement
• Air conditioner compressor mounting secure
• Ensure engine air ductwork has secure clamps and no cuts
• No exhaust leaks or oil in the turbocharger
• Check fuel water separator, radiator brace, water pump, pitman arm, oil filler cap
• Inspect engine coolant reservoir, steering shaft, and brake master cylinder

If you find anything wrong, notate it in the DVIR. Notate important information and use photographs. The truck cannot leave until you appropriately fix these issues.

Take a Walk Around

Do an external inspection next. This is where you walk around your truck checking for problems. These include:

• Check all tires for proper pressure, damage, and wear and tear
• Check valve cap, outer oil seal, lug nuts, and hub oil
• Look for proper positioning in brake pads and that they are in good shape
• Inspect brake drum, lining, inner oil seal, slack adjuster, brake line, and chamber
• Inspect airlines and the electrical cord for proper connection
• Inspect the landing gear to ensure the legs are up and secured
• Ensure the 5th wheel is securely coupled to the trailer
• Look for mirror damage such as nicks and cracks
• Ensure doors close properly with secure hinges

Start Your Engine

Before leaving your location, you must ensure the engine is mechanically sound. These key components of the last inspection are:

• With the clutch depressed and the truck in neutral, start the engine
• As you ease off the clutch, idle the truck at 650rpm
• Check your gauges to ensure everything is as it should be
• Turn on your flashers and lights and step out to make sure they are all working
• Look under the hood for leaks and secure belts
• Make sure all lights are working properly

After this inspection, notate any anomalies in the DVIR. This includes things like repairs or part replacements.

The Last Steps

The last step involves moving your truck. Make sure there is nothing in the way or anything that causes a safety hazard.

• Drive forward a few feet and use the trailer brake, making sure the trailer is coupled and the brake works right
• Pull forward a few feet more, using the foot brake to stop

Look for anything not up to par and report it. This is one of the most repetitive tasks you’ll do and the most common. And therefore, it is on the test. You also need to know when to do these steps:

• Each start of the day
• After 10 hour breaks
• Every 24 hours
• When you pick up a new trailer

Ready To Learn More?

These are steps to learn that are on the test. Study these components of the CDL pre-trip inspection so it prepares you to ace the exam.

Once you have your Class A CDL license you are ready to apply for entry-level truck driver jobs. If you attend a truck driving school like Roadmaster, a career services associate will help you apply for your first job. And they’ll assist you in getting your new career started.

During the first few days of school, Placement Associates work with you to choose which company best fits your needs. They will review your job applications and help you submit them to potential employers. The placement staff will follow up with potential employers and notify you of employment offer letters.

Tuition reimbursement could cover up to 100 percent of the cost of school! We offer in-house financing to those who qualify to help cover the cost of tuition. Trucking carriers that recruit from Roadmaster offer up to 100 percent tuition reimbursement .

If you are ready to get your career started as a professional truck driver, contact Roadmaster by filling out the application form or calling us at 1-800-831-1300.

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What does the pre-trip inspection exam include.

You will be expected to be able to perform a complete pre-trip inspection on your vehicle, including both in-cab & external features, as well as the engine compartment.

Fluids, belts, brakes, air brakes, and lights are some of the main components to the test.

The pre-trip inspection will ensure that the vehicle that you are operating is safe and road-worthy to drive.

The In-cab pre-trip inspection:

This section will demonstrate that you know how to check that all in-cab functions are operational, including lights, gauges, etc., and ESPECIALLY the air brakes.

Pre-Trip Inspection - My Way! A must see!: In-Cab Pre-trip Inspection

This Pre-Trip is done on my truck and trailer. I physically took the pictures and edited them to my liking. It is a complete Pre-Trip Inspection and features everything you'll need to know.

Video - PreTrip Inspection - Interior Cab

This video shows how to do an in-cab pre-trip inspection

Video - Srtda in cab pre trip and brake test

This video shows how to do an in-cab pre-trip inspection and brake test.

The External pre-trip inspection:

You will be expected to check lights, tires, rims, fluids, belts, etc. Generally, all the components on the outside of the truck & trailer, including the engine compartment.

Forum - Daniel B.: Pre-Trip Inspection - My Way! A must see!

As stated, these are solely based off of how I like to do the Pre-Trip. I give my personal opinions as well as some helpful tips. Your Instructors advice may vary. In the end, just do it the way your Instructor wants you to do it.

Pre-Trip Inspection Video By Apex CDL Institute

This is a complete Pre-Trip inspection video by Apex CDL Institute

Pre-trip checklist, practice exams, and memory aids:

Pretrip Inspection Study Guide

The purpose of the Pretrip Inspection is to be able to do a thorough safety inspection on a commercial vehicle before heading out onto the highway.

Pre-Trip Inspection Free CDL Practice Tests

Our free Pre-Trip Inspection cdl practice questions are designed to help test your knowledge of the CDL Manual and sharpen your skills for taking the CDL permit and endorsement exams.

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Pre-Trip Inspection: An Essential Guide for Commercial Drivers

Why are pre trip inspections essential, and how can they make a difference in the daily lives of truck drivers? With safety, regulatory compliance, and preventative maintenance on the line, pre trip inspections are a crucial aspect of ensuring smooth and efficient operations on the road. In this blog post, we dive into the critical components of pre trip inspection and provide valuable tips and resources to help drivers stay ahead of potential hazards and costly repairs.

• Pre-trip inspections are essential for promoting safety, compliance, and cost savings while on the road.
• The pre-trip inspection process should take approximately 10–15 minutes and include items such as braking systems, steering & suspension systems, emergency equipment & engine compartment.
• Establishing a routine for pre-trip inspections with sufficient time to check all components is key to ensuring vehicle safety and regulatory compliance. Accurate records must also be kept.

The Importance of Pre-Trip Inspections

• Lessen accident risks
• Comply with regulations
• Maintain the vehicle’s condition
• Avert expensive repairs and downtime

Frequent inspections, such as periodic inspection, are important for maintaining safety and preventing costly issues.

The benefits of conducting pre-trip inspections include:

• Ensuring safety and compliance with regulations like DOT inspections
• Preventing fines, penalties, and potential harm to the driver’s or company’s reputation
• Acting as preventative maintenance, catching minor issues before they escalate
• Saving time, reducing repair costs, and minimizing downtime

Safety Concerns

Ensuring the vehicle’s safety is of paramount importance when conducting pre-trip inspections. A thorough examination of various components is necessary, including:

• Fire extinguishers
• Brake lights

This enables drivers to spot potential hazards and affirm the vehicle’s operational readiness, ultimately reducing the risk of accidents, in line with the goals of the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance.

However, the consequences of neglecting a thorough pre-trip inspection can be severe. Overlooking potential hazards may render the vehicle unfit for operation, increasing the risk of collisions. An inspection focused solely on the vehicle can spot these hazards and confirm the vehicle’s safety, underlining the significance of a thorough pre-trip inspection.

Regulatory Compliance

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration mandates pre-trip inspections as part of DOT inspections for commercial motor vehicles, requiring drivers to acknowledge and certify that appropriate repairs have been made before commencing a trip. Non-compliance with pre-trip inspection regulations can result in fines, penalties, and harm to a driver’s or company’s reputation. Conducting periodic inspections can help maintain compliance and ensure the vehicle’s safety.

A Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) is an essential tool to guarantee regulatory adherence. Watching a pre-trip inspection video can help drivers understand the process and ensure they follow the correct procedures, further emphasizing the need for thorough pre-trip inspections.

Preventative Maintenance

Preventative maintenance is an essential aspect of vehicle upkeep, aiming to prolong the lifespan of corporate assets, equipment, and infrastructure. By inspecting, cleaning, lubricating, adjusting, and replacing parts as necessary, drivers can detect minor issues before they escalate into major problems, saving time and money on repairs and reducing downtime.

The advantages of preventative maintenance include enhanced safety, increased efficiency, and minimized downtime. By incorporating pre-trip inspections into a regular maintenance routine, drivers can ensure their vehicles remain in optimal condition and avoid unexpected breakdowns or costly repairs.

Pre-Trip Inspection Process

Conducting pre-trip inspections at the start of each shift and each time a trailer swap occurs is integral. Such regularity aids in upholding the vehicle’s safety, roadworthiness, and regulatory compliance while also acting as preventative maintenance. The average inspection should last between 10-15 minutes, allowing enough time for a thorough examination of all components.

Engine Compartment

Inspecting the engine compartment is a critical part of the pre-trip inspection process. Drivers should examine the engine for leaks, fluid levels, belts, hoses, and other critical components to ensure optimal performance and prevent breakdowns. This includes checking the water pump, power steering pump, and alternator for any signs of leakage, fraying of belts, and ensuring that all components are securely mounted.

Additionally, drivers should verify the location of the dipstick and the appropriate oil level, as well as inspect the coolant system for proper levels, hose conditions, and secure mounting at both ends. By carefully examining each part of the engine compartment, drivers can maintain their vehicle’s performance and avoid unexpected issues on the road.

Exterior and Tires

A thorough inspection of the vehicle’s exterior and tires is crucial for ensuring its safety and roadworthiness. This includes checking the lights, reflectors, fuel tank, battery, and tires for any damage or wear that could impact safety or performance. Tires should be inspected for adequate tread, cuts, bubbles, or gouges, and to make sure there are no foreign objects, such as stones or large debris, between the wheels and no space between tires and rims.

Moreover, it is vital to check and maintain the appropriate air pressure in the tires to ensure optimal performance and prevent tire-related accidents. By carefully inspecting the exterior and tires, drivers can guarantee a safer and more efficient driving experience.

cabin and Controls

The cabin and controls of a commercial vehicle play a crucial role in the driver’s safety and comfort on the road. During a pre-trip inspection, drivers should examine the cabin for proper functioning of:

• other essential equipment

They should also ensure the availability of emergency equipment.

In addition to checking seatbelts, mirrors, seat position, steering wheel, pedals, windshield, lights, turn signals, ABS lights, gauges, windshield wipers, and horns, it’s essential to verify that all required emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, warning devices, and first aid kits, are present and in good working condition.

By thoroughly inspecting the cabin and controls, drivers can ensure a safe and comfortable driving experience.

Essential Items on a Pre-Trip Inspection Checklist

In addition to the aforementioned items, a pre-trip inspection checklist should also include the engine compartment, exterior and tires, and cabin and controls, as previously discussed. Combining all these components in a well-structured checklist ensures a thorough and effective pre-trip inspection that promotes safety and compliance.

Braking System

The braking system is a vital component of any vehicle, and a thorough inspection is necessary to ensure proper functionality and safety. During a pre-trip inspection, drivers should examine all components of the braking system, including air brakes, parking brakes, and hydraulic systems.

Specifically, drivers should inspect the following parts of the service brake system for any signs of wear or damage:

• Brake chamber
• Slack adjuster

By carefully examining each part, drivers can guarantee the vehicle’s safe operation and prevent potential accidents due to brake failure.

Steering and Suspension

A vehicle’s steering and suspension systems play a significant role in ensuring proper handling and a smooth ride. During a pre-trip inspection, drivers should inspect the steering components, suspension system, and wheel alignment to guarantee the vehicle’s optimal performance.

Specifically, drivers should examine the following components of the steering and suspension systems:

• Ball joints
• Tie rod ends
• Strut mounts or shock towers
• Steering effort for both manual and power systems

By thoroughly inspecting these components, drivers can maintain the vehicle’s handling capabilities and provide a comfortable driving experience.

Emergency Equipment

Ensuring the presence and proper functioning of emergency equipment is a crucial part of a pre-trip inspection. Drivers should verify that all required emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, warning devices, and first aid kits, are present and in good working condition.

In addition to these items, drivers should also be familiar with the location and operation of any other emergency equipment required by law or their specific company. By confirming the availability and functionality of emergency equipment, drivers can be prepared for unforeseen situations and enhance the overall safety of their vehicle.

Digital Tools and Resources for Pre-Trip Inspections

• Mobile apps that provide checklists and guides for conducting pre-trip inspections
• Online videos and tutorials that demonstrate best practices for inspecting different parts of the truck
• Websites and forums where drivers can stay updated with the latest regulations and requirements for pre-trip inspections

By leveraging these digital tools, truck drivers can enhance their knowledge and efficiency when it comes to pre-trip inspections.

These digital resources not only simplify the pre-trip inspection process but also help drivers maintain compliance with regulations and support preventative maintenance efforts. By leveraging technology, drivers can enhance their pre-trip inspections and promote safety and efficiency on the road.

Mobile Apps

Mobile apps designed for pre-trip inspections can greatly benefit truck drivers by creating checklists, tracking progress, and storing records digitally for easy access and compliance. Some popular mobile apps for pre-trip inspections include iAuditor, Whip Around DVIR software, Teletrac Navman Pre-trip Checklist tool, and Titan GPS Digital Pre-trip Inspection.

By utilizing these apps, drivers can:

• Generate checklists tailored to their specific vehicle and requirements
• Monitor their progress throughout the inspection
• Maintain digital records for future reference and compliance purposes

This not only simplifies the driver only inspection process but also ensures that drivers are following a thorough and effective routine.

Online Videos and Tutorials

Online videos and tutorials serve as valuable resources for truck drivers looking to enhance their pre-trip inspection skills and knowledge. By accessing these resources, drivers can learn best practices for conducting pre-trip inspections and stay updated on regulations and requirements.

Drivers can find online resources on websites, YouTube channels, and other digital platforms that provide informative and instructional content on pre-trip inspections. By staying informed and utilizing these resources, drivers can ensure they are conducting thorough and effective pre-trip inspections that promote safety and compliance.

Tips for a Successful Pre-Trip Inspection

To ensure a thorough and effective pre-trip inspection, truck drivers should establish a routine, take their time, and keep accurate records. Following these tips allows drivers to boost safety, comply with regulations, and bolster preventative maintenance efforts.

Adopting a consistent routine for pre-trip inspections helps ensure that all components are checked and nothing is overlooked. Here are some tips to follow:

• Allow sufficient time for a thorough inspection, typically between 15-30 minutes, to prevent missed issues and potential safety hazards.
• Check all essential components, including tires, brakes, lights, mirrors, and fluid levels.
• Keep detailed records of the inspections, including any issues identified and actions taken.

Regularly review and update your inspection checklist to ensure it covers all necessary items. By following these tips and maintaining a consistent pre-trip inspection routine, you can demonstrate compliance and support preventative maintenance efforts.

Establish a Routine

Developing a consistent routine for conducting pre-trip inspections is crucial for ensuring all components are checked and nothing is overlooked. Adhering to a systematic process lets drivers ensure the vehicle’s safety, roadworthiness, and regulatory compliance.

Some recommended components to include in a pre-trip inspection routine are:

• The engine compartment
• Exterior and tires
• Cabin and controls
• Braking system
• Steering and suspension
• Emergency equipment

By incorporating all of these components into a well-structured routine, drivers can guarantee a thorough and effective pre-trip inspection.

Take Your Time

Allowing sufficient time for a thorough pre-trip inspection is essential to prevent missed issues and potential safety hazards. An average inspection should last between 15-30 minutes, giving drivers enough time to examine all components in detail and ensure the vehicle’s safety and roadworthiness.

Allocating time for pre-trip inspections helps drivers reduce the risk of missing critical issues and affirm the vehicle’s operational readiness. Remember, a thorough vehicle only inspection is not only essential for safety but also for compliance with regulations and preventing costly repairs down the line.

Keep Accurate Records

Maintaining detailed records of pre-trip inspections is essential for demonstrating compliance with regulations and supporting preventative maintenance efforts. Drivers should document any issues identified during the inspection, along with the actions taken to address them.

Maintaining accurate records enables drivers to easily refer back to past inspections and monitor the vehicle’s maintenance history. This not only helps ensure compliance with regulations but also supports proactive maintenance initiatives that can prevent major issues and costly repairs.

In Conclusion

Pre-trip inspections are an essential aspect of ensuring safety, compliance, and preventative maintenance for truck drivers. By following a systematic process, utilizing digital tools and resources, and implementing practical tips, drivers can guarantee thorough and effective inspections that promote safety and efficiency on the road. Remember, a well-executed pre-trip inspection not only minimizes risks but also contributes to a smoother and more enjoyable driving experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which of these items should be checked in a pre-trip inspection.

A pre-trip inspection should include thorough safety inspections of the coupling system, vehicle lights, engine compartment, tires and brakes, chassis, fuel tanks, and an in-cab inspection, and must be logged in your logbook as “on duty not driving.” This inspection should be done before every trip to ensure the safety of the driver and other motorists. It is important to check the coupling system for any signs of wear or damage, as well as the vehicle lights, engine compartment, tires and brakes, chassis, and fuel tanks. Additionally, an in-cab inspection should be conducted to ensure that all safety requirements are met.

What is the first step in the pre-trip inspection?

The first step of the pre-trip inspection is to check under the hood, starting at the front of the vehicle and inspecting the various components of the truck’s engine compartment. Begin by checking the oil level, coolant level, and power steering fluid level. Make sure all hoses and belts are in good condition and that all fluid levels are at the proper levels. Check the battery terminals and cables for corrosion and make sure the battery is connected and functioning.

What are the ABSC in a pre-trip inspection?

Pre-trip inspections involve inspecting all parts of a truck and trailer for abrasion, bruises, cuts, bent, broken or cracked parts, and ensuring all air and liquid-holding parts are not leaking. It’s recommended to do the inspection in order, starting with the truck and then the trailer, touching each part and working from the top down and from the center out while wearing gloves.

Which is not checked during an exterior pre-trip inspection?

The reservoir sight glass of the coolant level is not checked during an exterior pre-trip inspection, whereas the oil pressure gauge, wiper arms and blades, horn and heater/defroster should all be checked.

What does DOT mean in inspection?

DOT stands for U.S. Department of Transportation and a DOT inspection is conducted to ensure that commercial motor vehicles are up to standards and safe for public use.

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Complete CDL Pre-Trip Inspection Checklists for Class A and Class B Drivers

Your fleet is loaded, and the fuel tanks are full – you’re ready to move. Or are you?

If you haven’t completed a pre-trip inspection checklist, you might not be.

The Department of Transportation (DOT) requires all drivers holding a commercial driver’s license (CDL) to complete a pre-trip DOT inspection checklist before operating a commercial vehicle. Usually taking about 10-15 minutes, this inspection checks essential systems such as brakes and steering, as well as tires, mirrors, and emergency equipment.

So how can drivers know what to check? In this article, we’ll run down the DOT requirements for pre-trip inspection checklists, along with key differences between Class A and Class B inspections and even some useful tools that can help make the job easier.

What is a pre-trip inspection checklist?

A pre-trip inspection checklist is a list of items that CDL holders need to review before operating their vehicles. As you may have guessed, this process is known as a pre-trip inspection .

What is a pre-trip inspection?

Pre-trip inspections aren’t just an annoying routine – they’re an important and necessary safety measure that helps ensure that commercial vehicles are up to fleet safety operation standards .

While the scope and contents of a pre-trip inspection checklist vary according to the type of commercial vehicle and its use, you can complete most inspections in about 10-15 minutes. Checklist items generally include assessing the operational condition of anything the driver and vehicle need to operate the vehicle safely . This usually includes things like an air brake check, along with checking lights, tire pressure, couplings, and so on.

Drivers must also record their inspection results in a driver vehicle inspection report (DVIR), which is usually automated (or at least streamlined) in companies with established fleet management tools. Periodic inspection requirements require additional pre-trip inspections every 24 hours of continuous use or whenever the driver changes vehicles.

It may seem like a lot to review, but most of it boils down to common sense. Before you start crawling under the nearest truck, however, you may want to see whether you have to perform a pre-trip inspection in the first place!

Who needs to complete a pre-trip inspection?

Pre-trip inspections are mandatory for both Class A and Class B commercial driver’s license (CDL) holders.

If you’re a CDL holder, you probably already know which Class you fall into. But just in case, here’s a quick refresher on the types and weights of vehicles that different classes of CDL holders can operate.

• The Class A CDL applies to commercial vehicles weighing at least 26,001 pounds that can tow at least 10,000 pounds. This usually encompasses most towing commercial vehicles such as big rigs, tractor-trailers , and flatbeds.
• The Class B CDL applies to commercial vehicles weighing at least 26,001 pounds that can tow no more than 10,000 pounds. This usually encompasses most non-towing commercial vehicles, such as passenger buses, garbage trucks, and delivery trucks.

While there is also a Class C CDL, this usually extends to specialty vehicles not found under either Class A or Class B (such as hazardous waste transport). However, since their detailed inspection procedures are highly specific and beyond the scope of this article, we won’t cover them here.

But what’s involved in Class A and Class B inspections, and how can they differ?

Class A vs. Class B pre-trip inspections

While Class A and Class B vehicles share many of the same detailed inspection procedures (every commercial vehicle has brake lights, after all), each class and vehicle type has its own inspection procedures.

• Class A and Class B commercial vehicles share many common inspection items, such as front and rear suspension, brake lights, minimum brake pad thickness, oil level, etc. These are usually items that apply to any type of road vehicle.
• Class A inspection items are usually those related to towing systems in commercial vehicles, such as the trailer parking brake, coupling areas, etc. These inspection standards usually extend to the trailer, flatbed, or any other object that the truck is towing.
• Class B inspection items are usually those related to non-towing commercial vehicles. As this is a very broad category, some Class B vehicles may not require any additional inspections, while others may have several specific systems to inspect. In the case of the latter, these are usually items specific to the vehicle itself, such as checking for broken seat frames in passenger areas of a bus.

Of course, there’s much more to each pre-trip vehicle inspection than the handful of key differences we’ve listed here. In the next section, we’ll run down the pre-trip inspection process that applies to nearly every commercial vehicle and then detail more class-specific motor vehicle safety inspections.

CDL pre-trip inspection checklist

The standard CDL pre-trip DOT inspection checklist includes everything a commercial motor vehicle needs to navigate the road safely.

These are generally suspension- and engine-related items that would just as well apply to a regular car. As a general rule, a commercial pre-trip inspection test almost always includes the following motor vehicle safety inspections.

Brake system

There’s nothing more important than your vehicle’s air brakes. Note that the following air brake tests apply to both tractor brakes and trailer brakes on Class A commercial vehicles.

• Brake linings and brake pads: Brake pads should be no less than the minimum thickness of one-quarter inch (¼”). Also, be sure to check linings for oil and debris.
• Brake chamber: The brake chamber should be completely sealed with no audible air leaks.
• Air brake hose: No air should leak from the brake hose, and the line should be properly mounted and free of cuts or splits.
• Brake drum: Should not be blue from excessive heat.
• Hand brake: Push rods should have no more than one inch (1”) of play in either direction and stand up 90 degrees when pulled.

Depending on the vehicle, these items are usually checked with a 9-step, 7-step, or 5-step brake test. These tests usually involve pressing the brake pedal, service brake, hand brake, or foot brake under various conditions and seeing whether air pressure recovers to the proper level in time (see your vehicle’s operating guide).

For example, drivers can check for low air pressure by pressing the brake pedal to fan off the pressure. If repeatedly pressing the brake pedal results in a low pressure buzzer or light indicator, the brake system will require repair.

Engine compartment

Engine compartment inspection items include:

• Fluids: The coolant hose, power steering hose, and any tanks or reservoirs should all be securely mounted and have no leaks. Similarly, a dipstick should indicate that all fluid levels (including oil level and coolant level) are at their proper levels.
• Belts: All belts for compressors, pumps, and alternators should have no cracks or frays and give no more than one-half of an inch (½”) of play.
• Air compressor: Should be securely mounted and functional with no cracks or leaks.
• Water pump: Pump hoses must be properly connected with no leaks.
• Alternator: Wires and belts must be properly connected.

Front of vehicle

Front-of-vehicle inspection items usually include steering equipment such as:

• Steering column or steering shaft: The steering column should be straight and unbroken.
• Steering box: The steering gearbox should be intact, and all connected hoses should be securely mounted with no power steering fluid leaks.
• Tie rod and control arms: Both should be straight.
• Drag link: The rubber should be greased and uncracked.
• Pitman arm: All cotter pins and caste nuts are present, secure, and tight.

Front suspension

Front suspension inspection items include springs, spring mounts, shocks, and suspension airbags.

• Spring mounts and spring hangers: Spring mounts should hold spring hangers securely in place with no signs of wear, cracks, or breakage.
• Leaf springs: Should be secured to hangers with no cracks or breakage.
• Shock absorbers: Should have no leaks, splits, or dry rot in the rubber. Leaks are typically located where the top and bottom pieces overlap.
• U-bolts: Should all be securely fastened around the spring and axle.

Rear of vehicle

The rear of tractor or truck inspection items include the following.

• Driveshaft: Should be straight with unbroken U-joints.
• Exhaust: Should be free of rust with no leaks or excessive soot.
• Frame: Structurally sound with no damages or unauthorized repairs/welds.
• Steps: Structurally sound and mounted properly.
• Mud Flaps: Should be clean, unbroken, and secured at the right height.

Wheels and tires

Wheel and tire inspections check for both proper inflation and overall tire condition, specifically tread depth. Note that this also extends to trailers on Class A vehicles.

• Drive and steer tires: Tire tread should be even with a minimum tread depth of 2/32” on drive tires and a minimum tread depth of 4/32” on steering axle tires. Use an air pressure gauge to check inflation levels against manufacturer inflation levels. Treads and sidewalls should be free of cracks, bulges, and abrasions.
• Wheel rims: No unauthorized repairs or illegal welds.
• Hub seal and axle seals: Should show the axle and hub seal intact with no visible leaks or play.
• Dual spacing: Any dual tires must have enough spacing between them.
• Lug bolt holes: All lug bolt holes should have all lug bolts and lug nuts.
• Valve stem: No audible air leaks.

Lights and reflectors

Light and reflector inspections include everything from running lights to DOT tape and 4-way emergency flashers.

• High and low beams: Ensure both are functional on all forward lights.
• Turn signals: Make sure all are functional for both tractor and trailer.
• Brake lights: Make sure all are functional for both tractor and trailer.
• Running lights and license plate lights: Walk around the truck and make sure all are on.
• 4-way emergency flasher function: Walk around the truck to make sure the 4-way flasher rear and front lights are fully operational.
• Reflector tape and DOT tape: All DOT tape and reflector tape should be clean with no signs of excessive wear.

Driver door and fuel tanks

Cab doors and fuel tanks are often located in the same area on commercial vehicles. Be sure to check the following:

• Door and door hinges: Should be intact and latch completely. The rubber door seal should be clean and uncracked.
• External mirrors and mirror brackets: All external mirrors should be firmly attached to their mirror brackets. External mirrors should also be clean and uncracked. Also, be sure to adjust external mirrors and mirror brackets to provide an adequate rear view.
• Steps: Should be securely mounted and able to support the weight.
• Fuel tank: No leaks, with cap and seal unbroken and intact.

In-cab items

Cab inspection usually covers the following items:

• Steering wheel: Fully attached to steering column.
• Gauges: Check that air gauges, oil pressure gauges, and any other gauges for operation function normally within their operating range. Air pressure gauges should build pressure to the governor cut out during an applied pressure test.
• Warning lights: Lights should show clearly for any lighting indicators, such as ABS lights or oil pressure indicators.
• Windshield: Cracks beyond one inch (1”) are not permitted. Windshield wipers should be clean and work properly, and the truck should have enough windshield washer fluid.
• Seat belt: Should fasten securely.
• City horn and air horns: Both air and city horn should sound properly.
• Heater and defroster: Should heat and function properly.

Special checks for Class A and Class B inspections

As we mentioned earlier, a Class A pre-trip truck inspection will usually have different periodic inspection requirements than, say, a Class B pre-trip school bus inspection.

While periodic inspection requirements ultimately come down to the exact type of vehicle (a Class B garbage truck, for example, may require additional inspections for its armature and compactor), the main differences usually come down to trailers vs. passenger areas .

• Trailers share many of the same inspection checklist items as the tractor, specifically the wheels and tires, suspension, and rear of trailer lights and reflectors. Also, make sure that the landing gear is not broken and can be fully raised.
• Coupling area inspections include checking air connectors, electrical lines, and nearby glad hands. All mounting equipment, such as the fifth-wheel plate, kingpin, mounting bolts, skid plate, release arm, and locking jaw and pins, should be present, secure, and in good condition.
• Rear of truck suspension inspections share many of the same items as those of front inspections but with special attention paid to the torque arm (or radius rod), which should be mounted securely with intact brushings.
• Passenger items such as seating, passenger doors, and any wheelchair lifts should all be secure and in working order. Emergency exits should also be clearly labeled and sound an alarm when opened.
• School bus items include all of the passenger items listed above, with the addition of checking student loading lights, stop arm, student rear-view mirror, and a recent first aid and body fluid cleanup kit.

Pre-trip inspections made easy with CalAmp

With fleet management software from CalAmp, you can spend less time filling out pre-trip inspection reports and more time on the road. Request a demo today to see just how easy it is to use CalAmp’s pre-trip inspection tools!

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The Pre-Trip Inspection: A Practical Guide For the Truck Driver

Updated February 24th, 2022

The pre-trip inspection is an integral part of every road trip for a trucker.

It’s probably the most disliked and most often overlooked part of the job of the professional truck driver in the trucking industry.

This inspection is meant to be a thorough check of the truck, trailer and load.

The check is to ensure that everything is in correct working order, prior to the truck and driver, departing on a trip.

Any damage or issues found during the pre-trip inspection which needs attention, must be addressed before departure.

CDL Test Pre-Trip Inspection

 If you just came through the process of getting your CDL, you can breathe a sigh of relief.

You don’t have to check all 500 or so items that you had to memorize for the test every single day.

Out on the road, a thorough pre trip shouldn’t take more than 10 to 15 minutes.

DVIRs – Daily Vehicle Inspection Report

According to federal law ( FMCSR Section 396.11 ), every day, a driver must submit a Daily Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) for each power unit he operates. Multiple trailers can go in one report.

DVIRs are either paper or electronic.

Not every trucking company (ahem) enforces this policy, so some truck drivers can go months or years without submitting a DVIR.

Minimum DOT Pre-Trip Inspection Requirements

• Service brakes including trailer brake connections
• Parking brake
• Steering mechanism
• Lighting devices and reflectors
• Windshield wipers
• Rear vision mirrors
• Coupling devices
• Wheels and rims
• Emergency equipment

Your trucking company’s DVIR might be more thorough.

This is a thorough Q&A on DVIRs which you can refer to.

Inspecting a New Truck

When you are assigned a new truck (either daily or just once), there are a few additional things you need to check for on the pre-trip inspection.

Truck Compliance

• Cab card and book – This is a book containing the registration, inspection, permits, cab cards, IFTA paperwork, and any other important papers for the truck. Make sure it is in the truck and all the paperwork is up to date.
• Inspection sticker – This is outside the truck. Find it and make sure the truck is not overdue.
• IFTA stickers – These are the fuel tax compliance stickers. They are on both sides of the truck. Make sure the current year is displayed.
• Elog device – Most trucks are required to have a working elog device.
• Required permits – These are in the cab card book. The most common permits are Heavy Motor Vehicle Trip Permit (Oregon) and the Weight Distance Tax Permit (New Mexico).
• New York HUT sticker – This is usually on the front of your truck. It’s a type of permit.
• License plate – Make sure the license plates on the front and back of the truck match.
• FMCSA Safety Regulations and Hazardous Materials book – These will be given to you by your company. They must stay in your truck within arms reach from the driver’s seat.
• Paper logbook – If your e-log stops working, you must log your hours in a paper logbook, which must be kept in your truck.
• Medical card – You must keep your current medical card in your truck. Always have your CDL on you as well.
• Orange triangles – You must have 3 triangles for when you break down.
• Fire extinguisher – Must be charged and secured to the truck. No rolling around on the floor.
• Extra fuses – If your truck doesn’t use circuit breakers, you must have spare fuses.
• Load bars and/or straps
• Extra oil, coolant, and windshield washer fluid
• Line antifreeze and diesel anti-gel
• Chains and bungees
• Gladhand seals
• Hammer, wrench, wire cutters, cable cutters, knife with glass-breaker

The Class A Pre-Trip Inspection Process

Unless I have to bobtail to pick up my trailer, I inspect my truck and trailer together.

The best way to memorize a thorough pre trip is to do it the same way each time.

Your process will look different from mine, but as long as you are consistent, you will be less likely to miss anything.

I do the inspection first thing each morning as well as every time I swap trailers.

Paperwork and Trailer

• Check the paperwork. It should be the first thing checked when you get to your truck.
• Match the trailer number to your paperwork. If your trailer has a seal, make sure it matches too.
• Unsealed trailer. If your trailer does not have a seal, open it and confirm the product matches the bills. If you are picking up an empty trailer, open it and make sure it’s actually empty.
• Confirm your destination. Ensure the destination is the same as on your trip sheet or load assignment. If there is a discrepancy, call your dispatcher.

I personally like to start with checking under the hood of the rig. Not everyone does, but I do.

Under the Hood of the Truck

I walk around the front of the truck, making sure all the lights work. Then I open the hood.

• Fluid levels – Check all fluids: coolant, oil, power steering fluid, and windshield washer fluid. Make sure caps are tight for the rad, oil filler, power steering fluid and the dip-stick is seated properly.
• Alternator, water pump, power steering pump –Make sure these are in good working order, and the belts are not worn or have too much slack.
• Observe at the engine block.  Check for leaks, fluid running down the side of the engine. Check for wear, cracking or fraying. Inspect fan belts for proper tension and signs of wear.
• Hoses – Check all hoses for leaks, cracks, and tears.
• Wiring – Check wiring for wear.
• Steering linkage – Check linkage for worn or missing parts.
• Tires – Tires should be properly inflated and have decent tread. If there are flat spots on the tire, it needs to be replaced.
• Hub seal – Make sure it’s not leaking and wiped with oil if transparent.
• Brakes – Brake chambers should not be out of round and should be free of grease. Shoes should not be worn down too much.
• Slack adjusters – Pull slack adjuster. If it travels more than an inch, it needs to be adjusted.
• Suspension – Shocks should be in good condition, and not covered in grease or oil.

Back of the Truck

Next, I check the back of my truck because it’s easier to check this before hooking to a trailer.

• Tires – Tires should be properly inflated and have decent tread. If the tires have flat spots, the tire needs to be replaced.
• Suspension – Shocks and airbags should be in good condition, and not covered in grease or oil.
• Drive shaft – Driveshaft should be undamaged and free of grease. Make sure there is no debris in the u-joints.
• Frame – The frame should not have any welds and not cracked or significantly rusted.
• Fifth wheel – The fifth wheel should be properly greased and not broken.
• Fuel tanks – Fuel tanks should not be leaking.
• Stairs and catwalk – Stairs and catwalk should be free of debris and not broken.

Tires should be checked with a tire gauge.

Tip . This is especially if you are slip seating. Tire thumpers aren’t very accurate. If you use a tire thumper, still check with a tire gauge from time to time.

Drives and tandems should be inflated to 100-110 psi and have a minimum tread or 2/32in. Steer tires should be inflated to 110-120 psi and have a minimum tread of 4/32in.

Tires under 50 psi should be replaced, as they can’t retain enough air pressure.

Flat spots can occur from dragging tandems in the winter or when trying to slide the tandems. Tires with flat spots should be replaced.

Check tires for damage, nails, and punctures.

Next, I jump in my cab and start my truck.

• Gauges – Make sure air, oil, and water temperature gauges rise to normal levels.
• Mirrors – Adjust mirrors before moving your truck.
• Windshield wipers – Make sure they work and sit flat against the windshield.
• Horn – Make sure the city and air horns both work.
• Heat and A/C – Check to see if heat and/or air conditioning is working.
• Seat belt – Seat belt should not be frayed and should move freely.

Coupling and Air Lines

This is what could happen if you don’t do the tug test.

The pre-trip inspection is a pretty important thing to do.

Learn your pre-trip procedure and do it when required.

This is why you should always do a tug test when picking up a trailer. The passenger side of the front of the trailer is resting on the frame of the truck and NOT hooked up to the 5th wheel.

The front left corner of the trailer is supported by retracted landing gear only. (Not good!)

The truck driver in this photo (hopefully) learned how critical a pre-trip is. Don’t end up in a pickle like this guy.

Next, I hook up to my trailer.

• Tug test – I back under my trailer until I hear a click, and then immediately do a tug test.

A tug test tests both your coupling and your brakes. If you pull away from your trailer, you aren’t hooked properly.

If you pull your trailer with you, your trailer brakes are out of adjustment. Be absolutely sure to write it up and have it corrected before departure.

• 4 Ways + Headlights. I also turn on my four-way flashers and headlights.
• Airlines and pigtails – Next, hook up airlines and pigtails (electrical connection). Inspect to make sure they aren’t leaking or ripped.
• Visual check of Fifth wheel – Look at the fifth wheel arm under the trailer to make sure it is coupled. The arm should be in.
• Landing gear – Raise the landing gear and check for damage.

Next, I check the bulkhead (front of the trailer).

• Wall – Make sure the wall is not damaged.
• Inspection sticker – Check the DOT inspection sticker to make sure it’s not out of date.
• Registration paperwork – Check the front trailer box to make sure the registration is good.
• Reefer unit – If you are pulling a reefer, select the pre trip function on the unit and run it. It should be completed by the time you are finished your pre trip inspection.

Next step for the pre-trip inspection is to check the side of the trailer and the tandems.

• Lights – Lights should be on and flashing.
• Suspension – springs or airbags should be in good condition, and not covered in oil or grease.
• Tandem pins – Tandem pins should be locked in position, and slider arm should be in its cradle.
• Cables – Make sure the tandem cables aren’t dragging on the ground.
• Underbelly – Make sure there are no damaged beams under the trailer. Check the entire length.
• Mudflaps – Mud flaps should not be torn and hanging.

Back of Trailer

Next, I check the back of the trailer.

• Doors – Doors and hinges should not be damaged.
• Door latches – Doors should be closed and secured.
• Seal – Seal should be intact and match paperwork.
• DOT bumper – DOT bumper should not be damaged
• License plate – Check for the license plate. They tend to wear out and fall off.

Passenger Side

Next, I check the passenger side.

• Brakes – Brake chambers should not be out of round and should be free of grease.
• Suspension – Springs or airbags should be in good condition, and not covered in grease or oil.
• Mudflaps – Mud flaps should not be torn.

Ready to Roll

Finally, I jump in my truck and double check my paperwork and destination.

I release my air brakes, roll forward, and push the service brake.

If everything is good, I’m ready to roll.

Post-Trip Inspection

When I’m done for the day, and every time I swap trailers, I do a post-trip inspection. If I am swapping trailers, I do a pre-trip on the new trailer as well.

A post-trip includes:

• lowering the landing gear
• removing the airlines
• uncoupling, and walking around the trailer checking tires, lights, seal, and mudflaps

Then I finish my paperwork and go home.

Slip Seating

If you slip seat (meaning you are in a different truck each shift), your pre- trip check should be more thorough than if you are permanently assigned a truck.

This also applies to the first inspection after being assigned a truck.

Please be courteous and write up any problems or issues found, so the next driver of the vehicle doesn’t have to deal with it.

Side Note: Clean out your truck and throw away any trash. Common courtesy goes a long way in trucking, between drivers.

Pre-Trip Inspection F.A.Q.

Most breakdowns can be avoided with proper preventative measures, such as daily inspections.

Thorough inspections should be done at the start of each shift. Inspections of trailers should be done every time you swap trailers.

Each driver should do a thorough pre-trip every time they swap drivers.

It should take about 10-15 minutes to perform a pre trip inspection.

The DOT. Make sure you stay in compliance so you don’t end up with hefty fines and an out of service.

The best way to memorize your pre trip inspection routine, is to do it the same way every time. That way you’re less likely to miss something. If you have questions, ask your safety team at your company.

Fluids in the engine, engine hoses and wires, brakes and suspension, mudflaps, trailer registration and inspection paperwork, and license plates.

A Few Trip Planning Tips

• Buy and learn to read a trucker’s atlas. It’s useful to plan routes and avoid restricted roads. I find this road atlas a necessity as a professional truck driver.
• Buy a decent trucking GPS , but don’t rely on it 100%. Use common sense.
• Don’t use the GPS in your elog device. It will put you in a lake.

Please note that minimum requirements for the inspection are established by the FMCSA.

But these may vary by state, trucking company, truck type, and trailer type.

It is your duty as a professional truck driver to perform a thorough pre-trip inspection before each trip and before you drive.

You’ll save yourself from headaches, fines and unnecessary accidents.

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What to do in Moscow

Ballet at the bolshoy, cathedral of christ the saviour, drinking & nightlife, entertainment, house-museums, the museum of modern history, the new tretyakov gallery, novodevichiy convent, patriarch’s ponds, the pushkin museum of fine arts, sandunovsky baths, the tretyakov gallery.

Travel in Moscow is easier than you might think: the city’s general layout is a series of concentric circles and radial lines emanating from Red Square and the Kremlin, and the centre is compact enough to explore on foot. Moscow’s sights can also be mapped as strata of its history: the old Muscovy that Russians are eager to show; the now retro-chic Soviet-era sites such as VDNK and Lenin’s Mausoleum; and the exclusive restaurants and shopping malls that mark out the new Russia. A CityPass is a good bet if you plan on seeing several of the city's heavyweight attractions.

Despite its size, Moscow's concentric layout is easier to grasp than you'd imagine, and the city's famous metro ensures that almost everywhere of interest is within fifteen minutes' walk of a station. Red Square and the Kremlin are the historic nucleus of the city, a magnificent stage for political drama, signifying a great sweep of history that includes Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Stalin and Gorbachev. Here you'll find Lenin's Mausoleum and St Basil's Cathedral, the famous GUM department store, and the Kremlin itself, whose splendid cathedrals and Armoury Museum head the list of attractions. Immediately east of Red Square lies the Kitay-gorod, traditionally the commercial district, and originally fortified like the Kremlin. Stretches of the ramparts remain behind the Metropol and Rossiya hotels, and the medieval churches of Zaryade and the shops along Nikolskaya ulitsa may tempt you further into the quarter, where you'll find the former headquarters of the Communist Party. Take a private Kremlin tour to skip the lines for the Kremlin grounds and cathedrals.

The Kremlin and Kitay-gorod are surrounded by two quarters defined by rings of boulevards built over the original ramparts of medieval times, when Moscow's residential areas were divided into the "White Town" or Beliy Gorod, and the humbler "Earth Town" or Zemlyanoy Gorod. Situated within the leafy Boulevard Ring that encloses the Beliy Gorod are such landmarks as the Bolshoy Theatre and the Lubyanka headquarters of the secret police – with its "KGB Museum" – while the Zemlyanoy Gorod that extends to the eight-lane Garden Ring is enlivened by the trendy old and new Arbat streets, with three Stalin skyscrapers dominating the Ring itself.

Beyond this historic core Moscow is too sprawling to explore on foot. Krasnaya Presnya, Fili and the southwest describes a swathe which includes the former Russian Parliament building (known as the White House); Tolstoy's house and the Novodeviche Convent and Cemetery; Victory Park, with its war memorials and Jewish museum; and Moscow State University in the Sparrow Hills – the largest of the Stalin skyscrapers.

Across the river from the Kremlin, Zamoskvorechye and the south are the site of the old and new Tretyakov Gallery's superlative collection of Russian art. Private guided tours are recommended for art enthusiasts. Here too you'll find Gorky Park, the Donskoy and Danilov monasteries that once stood guard against the Tartars, and the romantic ex-royal estates of Tsaritsyno and Kolomenskoe – the latter known for staging folklore festivals and historical pageants.

Taganka and Zayauze, east of the centre, likewise harbour fortified monasteries – the Andronikov, Novospasskiy and Simonov – and the erstwhile noble estates of Kuskovo and Kuzminki, but the main lure for tourists is the Izmaylovo art market. Inside the Izmaylovo Kremlin, a cultural centre, there are also a range of attractions, from the Bread Museum and the Vodka History Museum to the fascinating Museum of Russian Toys.

Moscow's Northern Suburbs cover a vast area with a sprinkling of sights. Foremost is the Memorial and Museum of Cosmonautics and VDNK. For anyone interested in the glory days of the space race, and its monumental landmarks and propaganda, a visit is a must, like on this guided tour . In the vicinity are the Ostankino Palace, Moscow's Botanical Gardens and TV Tower. West from here, the Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines will appeal to visitors with an interest in Soviet social history, too.

Outside Moscow there's scope for day-excursions to the Trinity Monastery of St Sergei, the Abramtsevo artists' colony, Tchaikovsky's house in Kiln, Lenin's estate at Gorki Leninskie, and the battlefield of Borodino, where the battle is re-enacted every September. You can also head out to the village of Aksakovo for a beautiful two-hour troika ride. Further afield, the historic towns of Vladimir and Suzdal are graced by splendid cathedrals and monasteries attesting that they were the seat of a principality when Moscow was merely an encampment. Suzdal is one of the loveliest towns in Russia, and definitely merits an overnight stay. It's also possible to visit the Aviation Museum at Monino air base, en route to Vladimir, if you take the trouble to get permission ahead of time.

This article includes affiliate links; all recommendations are editorially independent.

Top image: Komsomolskaya metro station © Gubin Yury/Shutterstock

While Moscow's Bolshoy Ballet (also spelt "Bolshoi") is going through uncertain times, plagued by infighting and rivalries (not least the recent acid attack on Artistic Director Sergei Filin), few would deny themselves the chance to see this legendary company. During the season, evening performances start at 7pm, and Saturday and Sunday matinees at noon; there are no shows on Monday.

You can see what’s on currently and for a few months ahead on the Bolshoy’s website – although the English version sometimes lags behind the Russian one. The ballet company is usually abroad over summer and sometimes also in the autumn, leaving the junior corps de ballet to entertain visitors – although star dancers are certain to be in Moscow for the opening of the new season in September. For more on Russian ballet visit www.for-ballet-lovers-only.com . For those not interested in ballet but more in the historical aspect of the Bolshoy theatre, take a guided historic tour of the grounds.

If you're more interest in Folk Dances, visit the Kostroma Folk Dance show , the most authentic one in Moscow.

Built as a symbol of gratitude to divinity for having aided the Russians’ defeat of Napoleon in 1812, the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (daily 10am–6pm), opposite the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts at Volkhonka ul. 15, was demolished in 1931 in favour of a monument to socialism. The project was soon abandoned and years later, under Krushev’s rule, the site was turned into the world’s largest public swimming pool. In 1994 the Cathedral was rebuilt and is now a symbol of Moscow’s (and Russia’s) post-Communist religious revival.

Moscow isn’t a city that goes to bed early. Many venues act as a café by day, restaurant in the early evening, and both bar and club at night. This can cover anything from an arthouse café with a spot of live music to a dance warehouse, or a fancy nightclub with a restaurant and casino. Most cater to a certain crowd, whether it’s creative professionals, students, shell-suited "flatheads" or designer-draped models. While formal dress codes are rare, face control (feys kontrol) is widespread. Russians distinguish between “democratic” face control (aimed at keeping out hooligans and bandits), and the kind that favours the rich (never mind how they behave). It’s unwise to rile club security staff, however rude they might be.

There are scores of trendy bars and clubs on Krasny Oktyabr, a former chocolate factory building located across the river from Kropotkinskaya and now home to some of Moscow’s hippest nightlife.

Learn how to walk, talk, drink and party like a Russian on a small group with Russian spirits.

Moscow's gastronomic scene has improved enormously over the last five years, with hundreds of new cafés and restaurants offering all kinds of cuisine and surroundings, aimed at anyone with a disposable income – from mega-rich New Russians and expense-account expatriates to fashion-conscious wealthy teenagers.

For cheap eats head to a canteen, where you can compile a tray of dishes smorgasbord-style. Take advantage of the great-value business lunches offered by cafés and restaurants during the week between noon and 4pm.

For well over a century, Moscow has been one of the world’s great centres of classical music, opera and ballet, most famously represented by the Bolshoy Theatre but also by its orchestras and choirs. Theatre can be tricky for non-Russian speakers though circus and puppetry surpass the language barrier. Moscow’s film industry and annual international film festival dwarf St Petersburg’s, but at other times most cinemas screen Hollywood blockbusters.

All this can be surprisingly good value, provided you ask for the cheapest ticket available ( samiy deshoviy bilyet ).

Gorky Park on ul. Krymskiy Val 9 (R100; Park Kultury) is a large park occupying an area of over 700 acres along the river. In the winter the frozen-over paths become one of the city’s largest ice rinks, while in the summer Muscovites stroll the area savouring an ice cream.

Admirers of Bulgakov, Chekhov, Gorky and Tolstoy will find their former homes preserved as museums. Anton Chekhov lived at Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya ul. 6, in what is now the Chekhov House-Museum (Tues, Thurs & Sat 11am–6pm, Wed & Fri 2–8pm; R100, student R60; Barrikadnaya), containing humble personal effects, while the Gorky House-Museum (Wed–Sun 11am–6pm, closed last Thurs of the month; free; Arbatskaya) on the corner of Povarskaya ulitsa and ulitsa Spiridonovka is worth seeing purely for its raspberry-pink Art Nouveau decor. Leo Tolstoy admirers should head to the wonderfully preserved Tolstoy Memorial Estate on ul. Lva Tolstogo 21 (Tues, Wed & Fri 10am–6pm, Thurs 1–9pm, Sat & Sun 11am–6pm; R200, student R60; Park Kultury) where the Tolstoy family lived after moving to Moscow from their country estate in 1881, and where the novelist wrote War and Peace . The Bulgakov Museum at Bolshaya Sadovaya ul. 10 (Sun–Thurs 1–11pm, Fri & Sat until 1am; free; t 495/970-0619; Mayakovskaya), is the house where the novelist lived from 1921 to 1924. There are nightly tours (1–6am; R550; phone a week in advance for tour in English).

The Museum of Modern History at Tverskaya ul. 21 (Tues, Wed, Fri 10am–6pm, Thurs & Sat 11am–7pm, Sun 10am–5pm, closed last Fri of the month; R100; Tverskaya) brings the Communist past alive with striking displays of Soviet propaganda posters, photographs and state gifts, although there’s a frustrating lack of English translation.

Opposite the entrance to Gorky Park at Krymskiy Val 10, the New Tretyakov Gallery (Tues–Sun 10am–7.30pm; R360, student R220; Park Kultury) takes a breakneck gallop through twentieth-century Russian art, from the avant-garde of the 1910–1920s to contemporary artists. Full and illuminating commentary in English is a bonus.

A cluster of shining domes above a fortified rampart belongs to the lovely Novodevichiy Convent (daily 10am–5pm; closed Tues & last Mon of month; R150; Sportivnaya), founded by Ivan the Terrible in 1524. At its heart stands the white Cathedral of the Virgin of Smolensk. In its cemetery lie numerous famous writers, musicians and artists, including Gogol, Chekhov, Stanislavsky, Bulgakov and Shostakovich.

One of Moscow’s most exclusive neighbourhoods, Patriarch’s Ponds is a pleasant spot (there’s actually just one pond) for a summer stroll or an ice-skate on its frozen waters in the depths of winter. The area is also known for being the location of the opening scene of Mikhail Bulgakov’s magical realist novel The Master and Margarita .

Founded in 1898 in honour of the famous Russian poet, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts at Volkhonka ul. 12 (Tues–Sun 10am–7pm; R150–300, separate fee for Impressionist wing; Kropotkinskaya) holds a hefty collection of European paintings , from Italian High Renaissance works to Rembrandt, and an outstanding display of Impressionist works.

Get the city grit out of your skin at the exquisitely elaborate Sandunovsky baths (Neglinnaya ul. 14 bldg 3–7 w www.sanduny.ru ; Teatralnaya), patronized by Muscovites since 1896. Join Russian businessmen and socialites in the banya , a wooden hut heated with a furnace, where you are invited to sweat out impurities, get beaten energetically with birch twigs, and finally plunge into ice-cold water. Men’s and women’s baths are separate, with the women’s section more like a modern spa. A three-hour session costs R1000. Daily 8am–10pm.

Founded in 1892 by the financier Pavel Tretyakov, the Tretyakov Gallery at Lavrushinskiy per. 10 (Tues–Sun 10am–7.30pm; R360, student R220; Tretyakovskaya) displays an outstanding collection of pre-Revolutionary Russian art. Russian icons are magnificently displayed, and the exhibition continues through to the late nineteenth century, with the politically charged canvases of the iconic realist Ilya Repin and the Impressionist portraits of Valentin Serov, including The Girl with Peaches , one of the gallery’s masterpieces.

To see Soviet triumphalism at its most prolific, visit the Exhibition of Economic Achievements, or VDNKh (Prospekt Mira; VDNK/Prospekt Mira), with its statue upon statue of ordinary workers in heroic poses. Adding to the scene is the permanent trade-fair-cum-shopping-centre housed in the grandiose Stalinist architecture of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition of 1939, and the People’s Friendship Fountain, flanked by Soviet maidens, each symbolizing a Soviet republic. One of the most hubristic Soviet monuments ever built is the Space Obelisk , which bears witness to Soviet designs on the stratosphere. Unveiled in 1964 – three years after Gagarin orbited the earth – it’s a sculpture of a rocket blasting nearly 100m into the sky on a plume of energy clad in shining titanium. Moscow’s giant Ferris wheel, small amusement park and numerous food vendors help to create a fairground-like atmosphere. For a fantastic view over the VDNK, take the lift to the 25th floor of Hotel Cosmos across Prospekt Mira.

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