the projectors gulliver's travel summary

Gulliver's Travels

Jonathan swift, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

The Projectors

Character analysis.

The people who make Lord Munodi's life hell are these guys, the Projectors, who believe in pursuing science and philosophy without too much regard for practical outcomes. Swift definitely seems to subscribe to that stereotype of the "ivory tower" of academic life. The projectors pay little attention to their hygiene or grooming. They're completely absorbed in their projects. But are these projects really worth this kind of concentration? The Projectors want to melt ice into gunpowder, to use spider webs to replace silk threads, and all kinds of less than common sense ideas. They focus on the complex and abstract, which renders all of their grand plans totally useless in practice. (We assume, by the way, that the name "Projector" comes from the fact that all these guys have their own projects, with which they are totally obsessed.) By the way, Swift doesn't let his satire of scientific life pass without yet another poke at politics in eighteenth-century England. Gulliver claims that the political Projectors go beyond funny and into sad with their madness. They go so far as to believe that government should be staffed by people who deserve their positions. Gulliver finds it so ridiculously farfetched and unlikely that government will ever be able to do its job that he won't comment on most of their projects – clearly, a bit of sarcasm on Swift's part. Gulliver does offer these political Projectors some insight into his home country, "Tribnia" – an anagram of "Britain." He tells them that most supposed plots against the state are actually made up by informers who want to raise their own reputations. All the "proof" they find is similarly made up, but it's enough to convict innocent men. So, we can see that Gulliver's turn against the Yahoos is not completely out of the blue. All of his travels are starting to wear down his opinion of the England he attempted to defend to the Brobdingnagian King.

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W hy's T his F unny?

Gulliver's Travels

50 pages • 1 hour read

Gulliver's Travels: Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World.

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapters 1-4

Part 1, Chapters 5-8

Part 2, Chapters 1-4

Part 2, Chapters 5-8

Part 3, Chapters 1-6

Part 3, Chapters 7-11

Part 4, Chapters 1-6

Part 4, Chapters 7-12

Character Analysis

Symbols & Motifs

Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Discussion Questions

Summary and Study Guide

Gulliver’s Travels is a 1726 novel written by Jonathan Swift. It is both an early English novel and a seminal satirical text in British Literature, remaining Swift’s best-known work and spawning many adaptations in both print and film.

The targets of Swift’s satire range from political structures in early 18th-century England to the national rivalry between England and France during the same period. Swift also lampoons science and educational trends that lean towards more speculative and abstract learning. Most significantly, the novel mocks human vices and bad habits, thereby both exposing and critiquing the darker sides of humanity.

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This guide uses the Kindle Edition published by Open Road Media in 2014.

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The book is a fictional travel memoir written by Lemuel Gulliver , a man of humble origins, who satisfies his longing for travel and adventure by climbing aboard a merchant ship named the Antelope . During his initial voyage, the Antelope encounters storms and rough seas. Gulliver soon finds himself adrift in the sea, swimming and treading water to stay alive. He spots land and reaches shore, where he collapses from exhaustion.

When he awakes, he discovers that he is tied up with little beings marching up his torso. These little beings—no more than 6 inches in height—are named “Lilliputians,” and Gulliver will spend nearly three years living alongside them. Once the Lilliputians determine that Gulliver does not pose a violent threat, they begin to embrace him and accept him into their society. The Lilliputian society resembles many European societies, with an emperor and a royal court. Gulliver learns their language and offers to provide service to the emperor. One such service is a single-handed military defeat of Lilliput’s sworn enemy, Blefuscu: Gulliver wades across the gulf that separates the two islands, ties the Blefuscu naval ships together, and tows them all back to Lilliput. For this achievement, Gulliver is awarded the highest military title, Nardac (admiral).

All is going well for Gulliver until he stirs the envy of the current admiral and treasurer. Gulliver is accused of urinating within view of the royal palace, which, although true, was something he did to put out a fire at the queen’s quarters. The plot against Gulliver grows until he is served articles of impeachment. The verdict is that Gulliver should have his eyes removed. Sensing that his time is running out, Gulliver seeks the assistance of Lilliput’s rivals. Eventually, he discovers a capsized boat and returns to the open seas. He is rescued by a fellow Englishman at sea and returns to England.

Gulliver is in England a mere two months before embarking on another voyage, which is also driven off course by rough weather. He is sent out in a search party to find water on nearby land. Gulliver becomes separated from the crew and, when he returns to the boat, witnesses what appears to be a monster chasing his fellow crew members away. Gulliver is once again marooned alone in an entirely foreign land. This time, the inhabitants are giants, and the land is called Brobdingnag. A farmer takes Gulliver in as a souvenir, which saves him from harm. Gulliver then chronicles his life there and how he gets along living with giants. His perspective is the complete inverse of his experience in Lilliput, as he is now the diminutive one. One day, while visiting the seashore with the queen’s retinue, Gulliver is picked up and carried away by a bird. He is dropped into the ocean where he is once again rescued by a passing ship.

Undeterred, Gulliver takes to the seas again. This time, pirates overtake his ship. Gulliver is spared by the pirates but is set adrift in a canoe, with which he finds land. As he arrives on shore, he notices a floating landmass and soon discovers that it is the floating island of Laputa, which is inhabited by a king and royal family. Gulliver again learns a new language and spends time with the native inhabitants. He notices that these are peculiar people who are only interested in math, music, and astronomy. Their clothes do not fit, their houses are wobbly and askance, and their academic institutions are places where all kinds of bizarre and useless experiments take place. Gulliver then meets a governor who can summon the dead. He takes advantage of this opportunity by meeting with ancient historical figures such as Aristotle, Homer, and Julius Caesar. He also meets with more recent historical figures from England and discovers much that is distasteful about how people ascend to the royal court. Finally, Gulliver decides he has had enough and departs from the island chain. He goes to Japan, where he pretends to be Dutch, and eventually finds his way back to England.

For his fourth voyage, Gulliver is captain of a ship. He and his crew set out on their voyage, but soon many crew members become ill. Gulliver replaces these crew members but faces a mutiny. Gulliver is again set adrift and ends up in unchartered territory. He is there three days before he witnesses ugly, vicious animals approach him. He attempts to fend them off and is ultimately rescued by a horse. The horse guides Gulliver to a homestead where other horses live. Gulliver thinks that whoever resides there must be bright, intelligent people because of the way they have trained their horses. However, he soon learns that the horses—the Houyhnhnms—are themselves the intelligent ones.

Gulliver learns the horses’ language and holds counsel with the leader of the Houyhnhnms , who is perplexed to find a “Yahoo” (a human) able to use reason. Through Gulliver’s discourse with the master Houyhnhnm, he comes to loathe humanity and becomes cynical. Eventually, the Houyhnhnms order Gulliver to depart, to which he reluctantly agrees. When Gulliver returns home for the final time, he is spiteful and disdains all of humanity, including his own wife. He decides to become a recluse, buys horses, and communicates almost entirely with them rather than his fellow human beings.

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A Summary and Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

Gulliver’s Travels , first published in 1726 and written by Jonathan Swift (1667-1745), has been called one of the first novels in English, one of the greatest satires in all of literature, and even a children’s classic (though any edition for younger readers is usually quite heavily abridged).

How should we respond to this wonderfully inventive novel? Is it even a ‘novel’ in the sense we’d usually understand that term? Before we launch into an analysis of Gulliver’s Travels and consider some of these questions, it’s perhaps worth recapping the plot (briefly).

Gulliver’s Travels : summary

Gulliver’s Travels is structurally divided into four parts, each of which recounts the adventures of the title character, a ship’s surgeon named Lemuel Gulliver, amongst some imaginary fantastical land.

In the first part, Gulliver is shipwrecked and knocked unconscious on the island of Lilliput, which is inhabited by tiny people. They take Gulliver prisoner, tying him to the ground, and he encounters the rival factions among the Lilliputians, such as the Big Endians and Little Endians, whose enmity started because they disagree over which side of a boiled egg to cut.

Then, he is enlisted into a campaign the Lilliputians are waging against a neighbouring island, Blefuscu. Gulliver drags the enemy fleet ashore so their invasion is foiled, and the Lilliputians honour and thank him – that is, until he refuses to be further drawn into the two countries’ war, at which moment they turn against him. It doesn’t help when he urinates on a fire to help put it out.

Gulliver takes refuge on Blefuscu, until a boat is washed ashore and he uses it to return to England, where he raises money for his family before embarking on a second voyage.

This time, in the second part of Gulliver’s Travels , our hero finds himself in Brobdingnag, a country which is inhabited by giants, rather than miniature people. When his ship runs aground, it is attacked by giants, and Gulliver is taken prisoner and given to the princess of Brobdingnag, a forty-feet-high girl named Glumdalclitch, as her plaything.

After arguing with the King over political matters – with Gulliver defending English attitudes and the King mocking them – Gulliver is picked up by a giant eagle and plopped into the sea, where he is rescued by a ship.

In the third part of the novel, Gulliver finds himself taken prisoner once again, this time by pirates, and taken to the floating island of Laputa. On a nearby island, Balnibarbi, he meets mad scientists and inventors who are engaged in absurd experiments: trying to extract sunbeams from cucumbers, or building a house from the roof down.

On a neighbouring island, Glubbdubdrib, Gulliver meets some magicians who can summon the dead; they summon numerous historical figures for him, including Julius Caesar, Homer, and Aristotle.

After this, on the island of Luggnagg, Gulliver meets the Struldbrugs: creatures who are immortal. However, this simply means they are foolish and weak than old men back in England, because they’ve had much longer to develop more folly and more illnesses.

Gulliver leaves Laputa behind, becoming a ship’s captain and continuing his voyages. Next, he encounters apelike creatures who, when he attacks one of their number, climb a tree and start discharging their excrement upon his head. (Excrement turns up a lot on Gulliver’s Travels , and Swift seems to have been obsessed by it.)

Gulliver is saved from a literal shower of sh … dung by the arrival of a horse, but this turns out to be a horse endowed with reason and language. Indeed, Gulliver soon learns that these horses rule this strange land: the horses, known as Houyhnhnms, are the masters, and the apelike creatures, known as Yahoos, are their semi-wild slaves. What’s more, Gulliver is horrified to learn that the Yahoos bear more than a passing resemblance to him, and to the human form!

What follows in this fourth part of the novel is a lengthy debate between Gulliver and the Houyhnhnms, who repeatedly show up the folly or evil of human behaviour as Gulliver describes it to them: war, money, and the legal system are all calmly but firmly taken apart by the intelligent horses.

However, Gulliver comes to prefer the company of the Houyhnhnms to the Yahoos, especially when he discovers, to his shock, that female Yahoos are attracted to him as one of their own kind. Gulliver resolves to stay with his new equine friends and shun humanity forever. He admires, above all else, the Houyhnhnms’ devotion to reason over baser instincts or desires.

But he is not allowed to stay with them for long. Fearing that he may inspire the Yahoos to rise up against their horsy overlords, they tell him to leave, and Gulliver regretfully builds a boat, is picked up by a Portuguese ship, and makes his way back to England. However, he struggles to readjust to human society, after he has spent time among the Houyhnhnms, and he prefers to pass his time in the company of the horses in his stable.

Gulliver’s Travels : analysis

We often celebrate great works of literature for their generosity of spirit: we talk of Shakespeare’s ‘humanity’, of Wordsworth’s empathy, George Eliot’s humanistic ability to feel for another person. But Swift is in quite a different tradition. He was disgusted by us all with our filthy bodies and rotten, wrong-headed attitudes.

Yet he wrote a great work of literature in Gulliver’s Travels , which tells us much about who we really are, especially through his depiction of the Yahoos, and who we could be, through Gulliver’s conversations with the Houyhnhnms.

Perhaps the key aspect of the novel here is its satire: it means that we can never be sure when Swift is being serious and when he is pulling our leg, when he is inviting us to share Gulliver’s views and when he wishes us to long to clout the silly fool round the head. That, too, is one of the signs of a timeless novel: its multifaceted quality. Gulliver’s Travels has more facets than you can shake a mucky stick at.

The same difficulty of interpretation – or divining authorial intention and meaning – often attends great works of satire. Sir Thomas More’s Utopia (1516), which was probably an influence on Swift and Gulliver’s Travels , is similarly difficult to analyse in terms of its author’s own views. Critics can’t quite agree whether More is pulling the reader’s leg in Utopia or sincerely offering a vision of a perfect world.

There are, however, some clues that much of the book, if not the whole thing, is supposed to be satirical: it’s hard to see the staunchly Roman Catholic More seriously advocating divorce by mutual consent, something that is encouraged in the book, nor is it likely that he was in favour of women priests, very much a feature of More’s looking-glass island republic.

So the same issue probably attends Gulliver’s Travels . Is Gulliver right to view the Houyhnhnms as the pinnacle of rational humanism – something that actual humans should aspire to emulate? Or should we be shocked by the Houyhnhnms’ proposal that the Yahoos should be forcibly sterilised, even exterminated, as a decisively in human attitude towards their fellow living creatures?

Swift’s disgust with his fellow humans was real, especially in the last few decades of his life when he wrote Gulliver’s Travels , but this does not mean he was not acutely aware of the dangers attendant on such misanthropy. It’s one thing to have a dim view of the human race as falling short of what they could achieve; it’s quite another to suggest that, because they succumb to wars and other dangerous follies, they deserve to be wiped from the face of the earth.

It’d be like a satirist writing in the present century suggesting that, because humans have been the main drivers behind climate change, the best thing would be for all human life to be annihilated from the planet. It’d be a solution to the problem (or part of it), but it wouldn’t be a very morally humane one.

And is Swift’s book, for all that, a novel as such? Like Robinson Crusoe , Defoe’s pioneering work published seven years earlier, Gulliver’s Travels presented itself to the reader as a genuine account, recounting four voyages made by Lemuel Gulliver.

Readers embarking on their journey of reading the book in 1726 may well have been forgiven for thinking it a travel book, like the bestselling books by explorers of the day such as William Dampier (who was one of the first to travel to Australia, around whose coast Swift locates the islands of Lilliput and Blefuscu). But then the book takes a fantastical turn and we gradually realise we are in a work of the imagination.

So it’s perhaps best to answer the question ‘is Gulliver’s Travels a novel?’ with a cautious ‘yes … but only if we bear in mind it was written before the word “novel” had even first been applied to works like Gulliver’s Travels .’

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3 thoughts on “A Summary and Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels”

I heard that the severe-faced Swift claimed to have laughed only twice in his life – once when Tom was swallowed by a cow on stage in Henry Fielding’s “Tom Thumb the Great” (the little man with a great soul – or mirror image of Prime Minister Robert Walpole, aka “The Great Man” – presumably “with a diminutive soul” in Fielding’s satire). I can’t remember the other time Swift laughed. But he can sure get others to do so!

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Gulliver's Travels

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Jonathan Swift

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Part 4: Chapters 1–4

Summary: chapter 1.

Gulliver stays home for five months, but he then leaves his pregnant wife to set sail again, this time as the captain of a ship called the Adventure. Many of his sailors die of illness, so he recruits more along the way. His crewmembers mutiny under the influence of these new sailors and become pirates. Gulliver is left on an unknown shore, after being confined to his cabin for several days. In the distance, he sees animals with long hair, goatlike beards, and sharp claws, which they use to climb trees. Gulliver decides that these animals are extremely ugly and sets forth to find settlers, but he encounters one of the animals on his way.

Gulliver takes out his sword and hits the animal with the flat side of it. The animal roars loudly, and a herd of others like it attack Gulliver by attempting to defecate on him. He hides, but then he sees them hurrying away. He emerges from his hiding place to see that the beasts have been scared away by a horse. The horse observes Gulliver carefully, and then it neighs in a complicated cadence. Another horse joins the first and the two seem to be involved in a discussion. Gulliver tries to leave, but one of the horses calls him back.

The horses appear to be so intelligent that Gulliver concludes that they are magicians who have transformed themselves into horses. He addresses them directly and asks to be taken to a house or village. The horses use the words “Yahoo” and “Houyhnhnm,” which Gulliver tries to pronounce.

Summary: Chapter 2

Gulliver is led to a house, and he takes out gifts, expecting to meet people. He finds instead that there are more horses in the house, sitting down and engaged in various activities. He thinks that the house belongs to a person of great importance, and he wonders why they should have horses for servants. A horse looks Gulliver over and says the word “Yahoo.” Gulliver is led out to the courtyard, where a few of the ugly creatures Gulliver has seen are tied up. Gulliver is lined up and compared with one of the creatures, and Gulliver finds that the creature does look quite human. The horses test Gulliver by offering him various foods: hay, which he refuses, and flesh, which he finds repulsive but which the Yahoo devours. The horses determine that he likes milk and give him large amounts of it to drink.

Another horse comes to dine, and they all take great pleasure in teaching Gulliver to pronounce words in their language. They cannot determine what he might like to eat until Gulliver suggests that he could make bread from their oats. He is given a place to sleep with straw for the time being.

Summary: Chapter 3

Gulliver endeavors to learn the horses’ language, and they are impressed by his intellect and curiosity. After three months, he can answer most of their questions and tries to explain that he comes from across the sea, but the horses, or Houyhnhnms, do not believe that such a thing is possible. They think that Gulliver is some kind of Yahoo, though superior to the rest of his species. He asks them to stop using that word to refer to him, and they consent.

Summary: Chapter 4

Gulliver tries to explain that the Yahoos are the governing creatures where he comes from, and the Houyhnhnms ask how their horses are employed. Gulliver explains that they are used for traveling, racing, and drawing chariots, and the Houyhnhnms express disbelief that anything as weak as a Yahoo would dare to mount a horse that was so much stronger than it. Gulliver explains that the horses are trained from a young age to be tame and obedient. He describes the state of humanity in Europe and is asked to speak more specifically of his own country.

Analysis: Part 4: Chapters 1–4

In the fourth voyage, Gulliver reaches a stage at which he no longer cares for humankind at all, though in this section we see only the beginnings of his transformation. After visiting countries in which he is too large, too small, and too down-to-earth, he finds himself in a country where he is neither rational nor moral enough, stuck in the limbo between the humane Houyhnhnms and the untamed, unruly Yahoos. In these chapters we see the rough outline of Houyhnhnm society, which Gulliver finds pleasant but still alien. In the next section, he attempts to become a part of this society.

Read an in-depth analysis of Gulliver’s wife, Mary Burton Gulliver.

In the meantime, we are treated to a description of the Houyhnhnms’ society. Swift plays a clever trick in the first two chapters, obscuring the true nature of the Houyhnhnms so that we follow Gulliver in his mistaken belief that the horses are magicians or the servants of a magician. Instead of telling us outright that the horses are intelligent, Swift allows us to discover this fact through Gulliver’s eyes. As a result, what looks strange to Gulliver also looks strange to us, and at some point in the description of the horses’ behavior, we realize that there is nothing more to these creatures than meets the eye. Instead of being tools of humans, the horses are revealed to be intelligent in their own right. In one stroke, they go from being a manifestation of humanity to something utterly nonhuman.

Read more about the Houhynhnms as a symbol.

There are a number of differences between the first three voyages and the fourth. Three of these differences are particularly important because they signal changes in the overall satirical thrust of the novel: Gulliver finds himself not among fellow humans, however distorted in size or culture, but among a race of horses; instead of being happy to leave, he is eager to stay; and instead of seeing the world through his eyes, we are forced to step back and look at Gulliver himself as an important, though not always sympathetic, player in the drama.

Read more about how Gulliver changes throughout the novel.

In other ways, these chapters are similar to the initial chapters of the other voyages. Gulliver arrives in a strange land, becomes the guest or prisoner of the people who live there, learns their language, and slowly begins to learn about their culture and tell them about European culture. The major difference here is that the humans, or Yahoos, are not his hosts. Instead, they are vile creatures that get nothing but his contempt. In his descriptions of the Yahoos, Swift uses the technique of describing the familiar in unfamiliar terms. Only slowly does it dawn on us that the Yahoos are humans. As with the realization that the Houyhnhnms are intelligent in their own right, the sudden shock—which we experience along with Gulliver—of recognizing the Yahoos for what they are strengthens the impact of the description.

Read more about whether or not Gulliver represents an everyman character.

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