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Tourism Sector

Last updated on October 3, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

What is India’s Tourism sector offering? What are its significance and challenges? Are there any government initiatives? To answer these questions, read further.

India as a nation offers diversity within its unity, not only in terms of its tribes, cultures , faiths, and ways of life but also in terms of its tourism potential.

India has a lot to offer in terms of historical monuments, geographical diversity, climate variances, and the wonders of nature.

The tourism sector contributes around 9% of the country’s GDP . It has its share in employment, revenue, and forex reserves.

India’s third-largest source of foreign exchange is the tourism and hotel industry.

India’s tourism industry is a significant economic multiplier and is getting more crucial as the nation aims for rapid economic growth and the creation of employment opportunities.

Table of Contents

Importance of the Tourism Sector

• It recognizes India’s historical and cultural sites, enabling greater protection and preservation.
• Tourism has the potential to be a vehicle for regional development due to the significant amount of money that traveling tourists bring in.
• It brings social equality as it moves areas with an absence of growth-promoting industries toward more inclusive, equitable growth.
• It raises awareness of the region on a global scale and draws attention to its underlying socio-economic issues.
• It pushes the service industry. With the expansion of the tourism industry, there are an increasing number of companies that will be benefitted from the service sector.
• A growing tourism industry is a driving force behind development, necessitating adequate infrastructure. Example: The mobile tourism caravans in Uttarakhand.
• The railroad, aviation , and real estate sectors are also supported.
• Tourism also provides an opportunity for foreign hotel and tourism groups to establish themselves in India. The influx of tourists benefits small companies in tourist areas.
• It creates jobs for tour operators and the hospitality industry.
• It develops a connection with other nations regarding India’s attraction and contributes to India’s soft power.
• It aids in the search for funds on a global scale for the protection and repair of the monuments and the area.
• It enables India to promote its biodiversity and important animals, such as tigers, red pandas, and wild asses.
• It can also aid in drawing attention to Indian wildlife issues on a worldwide scale and aid in the effort to raise money.

Challenges of the Tourism Sector

• Because the tourism industry depends on certain seasons, many regions do not make any revenue for the rest of the year, which slows growth rates.
• Exchange rate volatility might result in a weak rupee and lower-than-expected foreign exchange reserves.
• The lack of acceptance of international credit cards in many locations hurts tourism.
• India is an expensive destination for many tourists due to the high taxes on travel and tourism.
• There aren’t enough skilled professionals, tour operators, or guides who speak English.
• Many places lack the most basic conveniences, such as tourist-friendly restrooms and urinals.
• Landslides and cloudbursts frequently occur in the Himalayas and the North East, claiming the lives of numerous travelers in the past. For example, the 2013 Kedarnath Cloud Burst.
• Wildlife tourism puts more strain on already-vulnerable species and increases the risk of forest fires.
• Indiscriminate garbage dumping and landmark degradation by tourists harm the environment and contaminate water sources.
• Visa requirements, inner line permissions, and other paperwork increase traveler delays.
• Fewer states have a higher concentration of tourists, although numerous attractions in northern India’s interior need more promotion.
• Despite its excellent rankings, India ranks 34th overall for tourist competitiveness, which indicates that the country has not successfully monetized or marketed the industry.

Government Initiatives

Under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme , the Ministry of Tourism assists State Governments in developing the infrastructure for 13 theme-based circuits that have been designated.

A recent budget allocation of Rs. 1,200 crores (US$ 171.70 million) was given for the creation of tourist circuits for eight Northeastern states as part of Swadesh Darshan.

The Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD schemes are designed to promote expansion in specialized tourism markets such as wildlife, adventure, wellness, and religious travel.

The Swachh Bharat movement has started a significant cleaning campaign to safeguard and maintain the sacredness of national historic monuments.

All India Permit Rules 2021: Under the All India Permit Rules 2021, a tourist vehicle operator may apply online for an All India Tourist Authorization/Permit.

Dekho Apna Desh: On November 28, 2020, a webinar series entitled “12 Months of Adventure Travel” is projected to market India as an adventure tourism destination.

Way Forward

Building new roads, railroads, and tourist attractions in interior regions that do not have them is necessary. It will lead to infrastructure development in these areas.

Encourage private sector involvement in the construction of tourist amenities in interior and less traveled locations.

To handle concerns and upcoming initiatives related to tourism, the government can establish a National Tourism Authority & Advisory Council.

Tourism with a specific theme should be promoted, including medical tourism, Buddhist circuits, organic tourism, and historical circuits.

It is important to strike a balance between promoting tourism and preserving the natural, social, and cultural environments in the destinations. To address concerns with the water crisis, pollution, waste management , and other related challenges, the government should also promote eco-friendly and sustainable tourism.

Making use of social media to promote Indian tourist destinations online to both domestic and international visitors.

Rationalizing inner line permits and extending visas on arrival and visa regulations to other countries to provide access for foreigners from other nations.

Emphasize underserved areas to tap the vast potential of the region. For example, North Eastern region.

Greater coordination at the state and local levels will help India’s rural tourism industry grow and generate more revenue for the area.

To genuinely guarantee a seamless tourist transportation experience, all interstate road taxes must be standardized.

In India, the industry has enormous unrealized potential. The tourism sector’s multiplier impact can help increase income levels and ensure inclusive growth. To ensure India’s transition to a high-income economy, a booming tourism industry may prove to be crucial. It is necessary to redesign the entire industry and strengthen its resistance to future shocks. Growth must be encouraged, however, sustainable growth that adheres to environmental standards is also vital.

Related Posts

• Riverine-Based Religious Tourism Circuit
• Buddhist Tourism Circuit
• Cultural Tourism in India

Article written by Chetna Yadav.

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Tourism Sector in India – Explained, pointwise

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• 1 Introduction
• 2 What is the current status of Tourism Sector in India?
• 3 What are the driving factors of Tourism Sector in India?
• 4 What are the challenges faced by the Tourism Sector in India?
• 5 What steps have been taken for the development of Tourism Sector in India?
• 6 What more steps can be taken going ahead?
• 7 Conclusion

Introduction

A three-day National Conference of Tourism Ministers of States was held for the first time in Dharmsala (Himachal Pradesh) recently. The purpose of the Conference was to discuss, debate, and deliberate on modes and mechanisms to develop tourism sector in India. The meeting came up with ‘ Dharamshala Declaration ‘. The Dharamshala Declaration aims to recognise India’s role in contributing towards global tourism as well as focus on recovery by also promoting domestic tourism, which has been overlooked for long. India is a vast country with huge geographical, climatic, landscape, wildlife, heritage and cultural diversity. As such India has huge tourism potential. Yet this potential has remained under-utilized. In this context, the Ministry of Tourism has undertaken several initiatives to boost tourism in India.

What is the current status of Tourism Sector in India?

Before the onset of the pandemic, the contribution of tourism sector to India’s GDP had reached ~US$ 250 billion in 2018. However, the contribution had fallen to US$ 122 billion in 2020 due to pandemic. The share of Tourism to GDP has hovered around ~5-6%. With post-pandemic recovery, the tourism industry is  expected to reach US$ 512 billion by 2028.

Source: IBEF

Tourism Sector is the third-largest foreign exchange earner for the country in 2019.  The foreign exchange earnings between 2016 and 2019 increased at a CAGR of 7%, but dipped in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By 2028, Indian tourism and hospitality is expected to earn US$ 50.9 billion as visitor exports compared with US$ 28.9 billion in 2018. Foreign Tourist arrivals had reached 10.9 million in 2019, before falling to 2.7 million in 2020 due to the pandemic.

India was ranked 34th in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 published by the World Economic Forum. The Economic Impact 2019 Report published by the World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC) has noted that between 2014-19, India witnessed the strongest growth in the number of jobs created (6.36 million), followed by China (5.47 million) and the Philippines (2.53 million).

In 2020, the Indian tourism sector accounted for 39 million jobs, which was 8% of the total employment in the country. By 2029, it is expected to account for about 53 million jobs. Tourism sector provides diverse opportunities for jobs like in hospitality/hotels/accommodation, transportation, tour guides, travel operations etc.

Source: IBEF. Components of Tourism Sector

What are the driving factors of Tourism Sector in India?

The Tourism Sector in India is driven by various factors like diverse attractions, robust demand (like for medical tourism) and attractive opportunities.

In addition to the above, rapidly expanding India economy is providing huge opportunities for business tourism. According to the World Bank, India has overtaken Japan to become the world‟s third  largest  economy in  terms  of purchasing power parity (PPP). India holds a 6.4% share of global GDP on a PPP basis. Because of the economic growth, foreign players are interested to establish their operational facilities in the country. Domestic investors have also made huge investments to expand their business. Tourism industry gets benefited from the growing economic environment and investment made by  both  domestic and foreign investors. The  country‟s growing  economic environment acts as one of the major influential driver for tourism growth and development of the country.

What are the challenges faced by the Tourism Sector in India?

Awareness : Despite promotional campaigns by the Government, the awareness regarding India as a tourist destination remains low. Even among domestic tourists, the choice is limited to few popular destinations which remain overcrowded, while many other potential places receive low footfalls of tourists. The information portals and centres are poorly managed. There is lack of promotional campaigns in foreign countries. The absence of online branding campaigns fail to provide information to attract tourists.

Infrastructure and Safety : Many popular destinations lack air connectivity, especially in the hilly regions. Moreover, there is lack of proper hygienic facilities in may places. Lack of cleanliness is off-putting to many tourists. In addition there are safety concerns especially among foreign visitors because of few cases of harassment. Poor experience of some tourists leads to bad word-of-mouth information impacting perception of potential tourists.

Communication : Many tourists face communication problem while in India. This makes them dependent on tourist guides or travel operators to curate their travel in India.

Lack of Skilled Manpower : There is dearth of skilled manpower especially multi-lingual tour guides or hotel staff. The sector is dominated by small unorganized players who can’t spend on skilling their employees or sensitising them to cultural values of the foreign tourists. This impacts tourist experience.

Visa Process : The Government had started the e-visa process (online) which has led to increase in foreign tourists. However, the visa-on-arrival facility is limited to very few countries, limiting foreign tourists.

Currency Fluctuations : Another issue is the fluctuations in the currency exchange rates. The inability to know the value of a currency means that long-range tourism prices are especially hard to predict and the fallout from this monetary instability is already impacting multiple tourism support systems.

Although the coronavirus crisis has short-term destructive effects on the tourism industry, it is challenging the practices of the tourism industry and is drawing attention to a succession of issues like poor risk management in the travel industry, viral globalization, and travel of diseases with tourists to cross borders.

What steps have been taken for the development of Tourism Sector in India?

Infrastructure : The Government has been increasing investments in strengthening of the country’s road and rail networks and promoting port development is a significant driver for the growth of the Tourism sector. The Adarsh Station Scheme is helping modernize railway stations, while the Regional Connectivity Scheme – UDAN ( Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik ), is helping make air travel more economical and widespread to hitherto unserved routes. The Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD schemes aim to stimulate growth in niche tourism segments such as religious, heritage, wellness, medical, adventure, MICE, wildlife etc. Under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme, the Government has launched several theme based circuits like Buddhist circuit which covers destinations associated with the life of Lord Buddha.

Promotional Campaign : Promotional activities such as the Incredible India 2.0 campaign focuses on niche tourism products including yoga, wellness, luxury, cuisine wildlife among others. “ Find the Incredible You ” Campaign focuses on the promotion of niche tourism products of the Country on digital and social media.

Information Helpline : The government has introduced the concept of e-tourist and e-medical visas which has helped increase inbound tourists to the country. Additional initiatives such as Atithi Devo Bhava , a 24×7 multi-lingual Tourist Helpline, among others have helped improve the safety and security of tourists. On a pilot basis, an ‘ Incredible India Helpline ’ has been set up to guide the tourists.

Safety : The Ministry of Tourism has adopted a code of conduct for safe tourism, which contains a set of guidelines to encourage tourism activities to be undertaken with respect to basic rights like dignity, and  safety of both tourists and local residents, in particular women and children.

Investment : The government allows 100% Foreign Direct Investment in the Travel and Tourism sector through the automatic route to increase investments across the sector. More recently, the GST rate cut on hotel room tariffs across the board has been a positive move for the industry and is expected to boost the sector’s competitiveness globally.

Cleanliness and Hygiene : Major cleanliness campaign has been launched under the Swachh Bharat movement for protecting and preserving the sanctity of monuments of national heritage . The Ministry of Tourism has also launched awareness campaign to ensure cleanliness of surroundings and help create a Swachh Bharat, Swachh Smarak .

Assistance to States : Financial assistance to states, including places of religious importance, for various tourism projects in consultation with them subject to availability of funds, inter-se priority, liquidation of pending utilisation certificates and adherence to the scheme guidelines.

Digital Database : In September 2021, the Government launched NIDHI 2.0 (National Integrated Database of Hospitality Industry), a scheme which will maintain a hospitality database comprising accommodation units, travel agents, tour operators and others. NIDHI 2.0 will facilitate digitalisation of the tourism sector by encouraging hotels to register themselves on the platform.

Skilling : The Ministry of Tourism has introduced the Incredible India Tourist Facilitator (IITF) and Incredible India Tourist Guide (IITG) Certification Programme to create an online learning platform of well-trained tourist facilitators and guides across the country.

The Ministry of Tourism had launched an initiative called SAATHI (System for Assessment, Awareness & Training for Hospitality Industry) by partnering with the Quality Council of India (QCI) in October 2020. The initiative was focused on effective implementation of guidelines/SOPs issued with reference to COVID-19 for safe operations of hotels, restaurants, and other units.

What more steps can be taken going ahead?

First , The government should continue to promote India’s diversity and rich heritage to re-establish its position as a tourist paradise. The promotional campaigns should target both domestic and foreign tourists. Similarly, the extent of theme-based tourist circuits can be expanded.

Second , the skilling initiatives should be scaled-up . Tourism sector has a potential to provide lot of livelihood opportunities in smaller cities/towns (below tier-2 level). It can help address the issue of jobless growth.

Third , there is need to balance the promotion of tourism with safeguarding the physical, social, and cultural environment in the destination areas. The government should also promote green and sustainable tourism to tackle issues relating to water crisis, pollution, waste management, etc.

Fourth , the Government should further reform the tourist visa norms and processes to facilitate tourism. The Government should also explore the possibility of expanding the visa-on-arrival facility.

Fifth , the focus should also be on supporting and promoting the emerging segments of tourism.

Source: IBEF. Emerging Segments of Tourism.

The tourism sector in India is gradually recovering from the impact of the pandemic. Even during the pandemic, the sector had shown resilience by adapting its operations to ensure safe practices and social distancing. The sector has huge untapped potential in India. The multiplier effect associated with the tourism sector can help raise the income levels and ensure inclusive growth. A burgeoning tourism industry can prove to be vital in ensuring India’s transition to a high income economy.

Syllabus : GS III, Indian Economy and issues related to growth.

Source : The Hindu , Hindustan Times , IBEF

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Recently ,The National Conference of State Tourism Ministers ended with the adoption of the “Dharamshala Declaration” which affirms commitment toward developing “sustainable and responsible tourism” and positions India as a “global leader in the tourism sector by 2047”.

Potential of Tourism Sector In India

• Tourism and Hospitality sector is one of the largest employment g enerating sectors in India and has been contributing towards generating a major chunk of Foreign Exchange Earning (FEE).
• India is an experiential destination with its kaleidoscope of ancient culture and heritage, ancient systems of healing like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Naturopathy , natural beauty including 70% of the Himalayas and over 7500 km long coastline, rich flora and fauna, world class medical facilities a nd many other aspects make India the favoured destination for the discerning traveller. 
• The percentage of Foreign Tourist Arrivals visiting India for Medical Treatment has been increasing over the years and growing rapidly.
• Over the past few months, all the major tourism indices such as domestic air passenger traffic, hotel occupancy and tourist footfalls have shown signs of recovery and are going back to pre-pandemic levels.
• By 2030, India is estimated to grow at 7%-9% compounded annual growth rate and we expect the enabling policy framework to bring in $250 billion in GDP contribution from tourism, 140 million jobs in the tourism sector and $56 billion in foreign exchange earnings with more than 25 million foreign arrivals.

Challenges 

• Lack of Infrastructure – It is a major challenge for the Indian tourism sector. This includes hotels, connectivity with other cities, health facilities, and transportation etc. 
• Attacks on foreign tourists, especially on women tourists have raised this question.
• COVID-19 pandemic: The Indian tourism and hospitality sector were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and saw substantial job loss.
• Business Hurdles, Lack of Hygiene and Comfortable accommodation
• Lack of integrated tourism promotion

Governments Initiatives 

•  Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme: The Government of India’s Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme was recently enhanced by ?50,000 crore, from ?4.5 lakh crore to ?5 lakh crore to benefit enterprises in hospitality and related sectors such as hotels and restaurants, marriage halls, travel agents, tour operators, adventure and heritage facilities. 
• The guiding principles include promoting sustainable, responsible and inclusive tourism in line with our civilisational ethos.
• The policy also aims to give impetus to digitalisation, innovation and technology through the National Digital Tourism Mission and skilling through the Tourism and Hospitality Sector Skill Mission
• Theme based schemes for the integrated development of circuits for improvement of infrastructure in the country have been launched by the Ministry of Tourism to enable tourists to experience the destination fully. 
• The Ministry has also been working with the Ministry of External Affairs to identify 20 Indian missions abroad with the highest tourist footfalls to India and build country-specific strategies to attract foreign tourists.
• Central Sector Scheme 
• Aim: Integrated development of theme-based tourist circuits in the country.
• Focus on identifying and developing pilgrim sites across the country to promote religious tourism.
• Organises webinars, quiz, pledge, discussions to keep people connected with the stakeholders and to encourage citizens to travel within the country.
• It envisages the development and maintenance of tourist amenities at heritage sites and making them tourist-friendly.
• The event highlights various potentials like eco-tourism, culture, heritage and business of the North East Region.
• Gati Shakti Master Plan: It is a project for developing ‘holistic infrastructure’.
• It will incorporate the infrastructure schemes of various Ministries and State Governments like Bharatmala, Sagarmala, inland waterways, dry/land ports, UDAN etc.

What Lies Ahead ?

• Tourism creates jobs and  provides jobs in the tertiary sector. It is now high time for us to work for the betterment of this sector so that from the upcoming years the number of foreign tourists may increase, and more people will be able to know about our culture.
• The Startup India initiative has boosted entrepreneurship. However, the travel and tourism startups need a bigger push. Innovative startups should be encouraged. Support from the government for ideation and access to finance are required.
• The growth in this sector has multiplier effects on income generation as it is employment-intensive with less capital investment
• There is a need to highlight the significance of public-private partnership to improve infrastructure and tackle the problem of end connectivity, which negatively affects the experiences of international travellers.
• India’s age-old dictum of ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ will come to the fore as it welcomes delegates from the 20 countries/European Union. 

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India’s role in global shipping industry, restoring earth’s right to ‘good health’, challenges of renewable energy, daily current affairs 25-04-2024.

Government Initiatives  

• Heritage cities
• 100% centrally funded
• Religous cities
• Gaya in both
• Theme based tourism circuits
• Ramayana circuit, Krishna, Buddhist, Himalayas Wildlife
• Advantage Health Care India – International Summit
• The duration has been extended to 60 days
• Visa on Arrival , PIO card

Types of Tourism

• Sight Seeing Tourism – India Gate
• Eco Tourism ( also includes Wildlife tourism )
• Business Tourism
• Religious Tourism – Most prominent in India

Medical Tourism

• Educational Tourism
• Rural Tourism
• Slum Tourism 😛
• The number of foreign tourist arrivals in 2014 is 8 million (up from 5 mm in 2009-10),
• World average 10%
• employment.
• Finally, compared to other modern sectors, a higher proportion of tourism benefits (jobs, petty trade opportunities) accrue to women . Internationally 7 0% jobs in tourism to women
• 20 billion dollars
• 2nd Largest
• India moves up 12 places at 40th
• Largest leap by any country in top 50
• Reasons – Schengen, Temperature, Infra, Safety
• Government would need to adopt a ‘ pro-poor tourism ’ approach aimed at increasing the net benefits that flow to the poor from tourism. It includes expansion of local employment through commitment to creation of local jobs and training of locals for employment; expansion of business opportunities for small and micro businesses 
• The implementation of these strategies will involve d eveloping formal and informal links between all stakeholders and coordination across all levels of Government.
• Infrastructure – Roads, Hotels, Parks
• Human Resources – Guides, Female Guides
• Security – Scarlet Keening
• Environment – Manali, Climate Change
• Extremism – Darjeeling
• Lack of Awareness – Shortage of ICT connectivity , Inadequate focus on Spiti Valley in Himachal or Tribal tourism of Jharkahand
• Health and Hygiene
• IT connectivity
• Prioritisation of Tourism

STEPS REQUIRED

• Single national level smart cards for all tolls
• Extension of E- Tourist window to 150 days instead of 60 currently ( Eco Survey )
• National Cruise Strategy
• Sustainable Tourism
• Taking Locals into cohgnisance
• Hotels, Roads
• Internet and Awareness
• And all the steps for above issues
• To obtain healthcare
• From Afghanistan, Ban in particular
• But, also from Advanced west like US, UK due to cheap cost
• Ayurveda tourism in Kerala
• Driven mainly by private sector
• 3 billion $
• 2 lakh people every year

E-tourist VISA

• Open to 150 countries now
• Is Tourist Visa on Arrival Facility (TVoA) enabled by Electronic Authorisation
• At 16 Indian airports
• Progress- 3.5 lakh last year, largest from UK, then USA
• Bottomline – Environment , People, Tourists
• Manali – NGT Ban
• Floods – Uttarakhand
• Taj Mahal – Pollution
• Kasaul – Drug Tourism
• Sex Tourism
• Revenue should stay with the tourists
• Basic Infra
• Points on Skill, Awareness,
• Ministry of Tousim – Sustainable tourism Criteria of India

National Tourism Policy (Draft), 2011

Features  

• B y 2017, to host 1% of global tourists (current 0.7%). This would require additional 400k hotel rooms and would create 25 mm jobs.     
• To target 12 per cent annual growth in this sector in the Twelfth Five Year Plan.  

Cruise Shipping Policy, 2008    

Potential of Cruise Shipping  

• Cruise Shipping refers to leisurely passenger shipping. It beneficial not only in tourism terms but also in promoting the handicrafts industry.  

  Features

• It provides for better fiscal regime, better port and connectivity facilities and liberal immigration regime.  
• A Steering Committee formed in 2010 envisaged developing 5 ports of Goa, Mumbai, Cochin, Chennai and Mangalore and including inland river cruising as LTC for government employees .  

 Tourism Initiatives for North East

• Incentives are given to Central Government Employees to travel to NE.
• 10% of Planned Tourism Expenditure reserved for NE.
•  NE fairs and exhibitions will get 100% central finance assistance.   

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Essay on Tourism for Students in English [500+ Words Essay]

December 20, 2020 by Sandeep

Essay on Tourism: People love to holiday and spend time with family and friends solely for taking a break from work, for relaxation and to have fun and enjoy themselves. Staying away from home and exploring new places offers pleasure and provides new life experiences. Tourism could be pilgrimage, sightseeing tours, business or sports tourism, international travel, heritage tours or even medical and wellness tours. Tourism is one of the important activities that boost a nation’s economy.

Essay on Tourism 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Tourism Essay in English, suitable for class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students.

Tourism is travel for fun, recreation, leisure or business purpose. Also, it is a temporary short-term stay of people to other places away from their usual environment. It involves activities like sight-seeing and camping and is a medium to advertise a city or a country and generate revenue. It is the most desirable human activity. There are three types of tourism-domestic, inbound and outbound. Historically, the ability to travel was restricted to royalty and the upper class. From ancient Roman to the 17th century, only young men of high standard were encouraged to travel to places on a grand tour.

Later, people evolved and initiated the religious pilgrimage journey, which gained popularity all over the world. Cox and Kings are the first-ever travel agency founded in 1758. One hundred years later, Thomas cook opened the first leisure travel agency to help Britain improve their lives. He even formulated a package tour, including cost-effective tickets and a printed guide. In India tourism started after independence in the early sixties. The organized efforts were made in 1945 to promote tourism under the leadership of Sir John Sargent, then educational advisor of India.

Types of Tourism

• Domestic: It includes people travelling within their own country and not crossing international borders. According to ancient tourism, domestic is the first form of tourism. A holiday, mini-vacation or stay-cation are examples of domestic tourism. It has recently increased because of the introduction of labour rights associated with leisure and vacation, and better income.
• Inbound: It involves the activities of non-residents travelling to a given country and staying there no longer than twelve consecutive months.
• Outbound: It comprises people of the given country travelling to another country for leisure, business or to spend time with the family.

Tourism acts as an economy booster as a significant portion of the capital is contributed through it. As compared to other avenues, it adds value to the growth and development of an economy. It assists in generating revenue at a faster pace. It created employment opportunities for unemployed people. Several hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, cab service, create jobs through the supply of goods and services. Therefore, even the remote areas get access to mainstream and a chance for progress. Their standard of living gets upgraded, and their family conditions improve.

It promotes and propagates cultural awareness across the world which further helps to preserve and nurture our local culture and tradition. The heritage builds engagement as various tourists visit sites and attractions that houses historic buildings, archaeological sites, regional, state or national parks, museums, art galleries, plays, concerts, etc. For any traveller or a visitor, their most memorable trip remains the one which allows them to learn new things and ideas as their focus is directed towards gaining enrichment.

After returning from such places to their homeland, these visitors become a patron of the literary cultures and urge others to visit and learn the same. This acts as a bonus and stepping stone to gain recognition worldwide and injects new money into the economy. Furthermore, it also helps in strengthening relationships among local communities. Tourists create additional development of infrastructure like parks, resorts, gardens, museums, roads, public toilets, water systems etc.

The growth and expansion of a region depend upon the demand of that place among the visitors. Considering the priority of the travellers, facilities like transportation, healthcare, water management, waste management etc. are improved. The government gets a clear idea and plan out expenses required to develop a destination and takes necessary measures to extend and enhance the transport facility as a sound transport system assists the tourism industry. It not only increases better connectivity to remote areas but makes commuting a hassle-free experience.

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Moscow metro to be more tourist-friendly

A new floor sign system at the Moscow metro's Pushkinskaya station. Source: Vladimir Pesnya / RIA Novosti

For many years now, Moscow has lagged behind St. Petersburg when it comes to making life easy for tourists, especially where getting around the city is concerned. Whereas the northern capital installed English-language maps, signs and information points throughout its subway system in the late 2000s, the Russian capital’s metro remained a serious challenge for foreign visitors to navigate.

Recent visitors to Moscow may have noticed some signs that change is afoot, however. In many stations of the Moscow subway, signs have appeared on the floor – with large lettering in Russian and English – indicating the direction to follow in order to change lines. Previously, foreign visitors using the Moscow metro had to rely solely upon deciphering the Russian-language signs hanging from the ceilings.

Student volunteers help tourists find their way in Moscow

However, this new solution has a significant drawback. “The floor navigation is visible only to a small stream of people – fewer than three people per meter. During peak hours, this navigation will simply not be noticed,” said Konstantin Trofimenko, Director of the Center for Urban Transportation Studies.

One of the biggest problems for tourists in the Russian capital remains the absence of English translations of the names of subway stations in the station vestibules and on platforms. The Department of Transportation in Moscow has not commented yet as to when this problem will be solved. However, Latin transliterations of station names can already be found in the subway cars themselves.

Finding the right exit

At four of the central stations – Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya, Ploshchad Revolyutsii, Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most – the city authorities have now installed colorful stands at the exits with schematic diagrams of the station’s concourse and surrounding area, which provide information about the main attractions and infrastructural facilities.

The schematic diagrams are the work of British specialists from the City ID and Billings Jackson Design firms, who have already implemented successful projects in New York and London.

According to Alexei Novichkov, expert at the Design Laboratory at the Higher School of Economics, the design of these information booths raises no objections: The color solutions, font, layout and icons are consistent with international standards.

However, the stands do have some shortcomings. “Many questions are raised about the fact that the developers of these maps did not apply orientation to the north, and have provided layouts of the surrounding areas with respect to the exits,” says Novichkov. “A system like that is used for road navigators, but most of the ‘paper’ guides and maps are oriented strictly to north. The subway map is also oriented to north, so people may become confused.”

Muscovites and foreign visitors are generally positive about these navigation elements, with most of them citing the numbered exits from the subway as the most useful feature.

The fact is that many Moscow subway stations have several exits. One of the busiest central stations of the Moscow subway in particular, Kitay-Gorod, has more than a dozen exits. Previously, these exits were differentiated from each other only with signs in Russian referring to the names of streets and places of interest to which they led – making it easy for tourists and those with poor navigation skills to get confused.

Now, when making an appointment to meet a friend, instead of struggling to find the right spot when they tell you: “I'll meet you at the exit to Solyanka Street,” you can just propose to meet under a specific exit number.

“I’ve lived in Moscow for seven years,” says Angelika, a designer from Voronezh, “but I still don’t always know where to go to find the place I need, so the new schematic diagrams will be very useful. Previously, some subway stations had maps, but not with so much detail.”

Teething problems

Foreigners, meanwhile, focus their attention on other elements. “It is good that the new information boards have QR-codes, which can be ‘read’ by smartphones,” says Florentina, a writer from Vienna. But there are also shortcomings. “The English font of the information on posters and in the captions to theaters and museums is too small – you have to come very close to see it well,” she says.

Pleasant encounters on the streets of Moscow

Florentina was also dissatisfied with the fact that such posters are not provided at all subway stations: “When I was trying to find Tsaritsyno Park (a museum and reserve in the south of Moscow) at a subway station with the same name, it turned out to be quite difficult,” she says.

“There are no maps with landmarks for other areas, such as those already in the city center. There were no clear pointers in the English language, and the passers-by I met did not speak in English, so they could not help me,” she adds.

Officials say that the navigation system is gradually being redeveloped and improved. According to Darya Chuvasheva, a press representative for the Department of Transport of Moscow, the introduction of a unified navigation system will take place in stages.

“By the end of 2014, the system will first appear on the first subway stations on the Circle Line. By the end of 2015, we plan to install the system at all major stopping points, subway stations and transport interchange hubs,” says Chuvasheva.

All rights reserved by Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

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United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - UPSC Notes

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is an important organization under the United Nations. Such international bodies and programmes play an important role in the IAS exam . In this article, you can read all about the United Nations World Tourism Organization.

International organizations and groupings are an important part of the International Relations section of the General Studies paper-2 in the UPSC Syllabus . 

UNWTO UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

United Nations World Tourism Organization – Roles & Responsibilities

The UNWTO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works in the domain of tourism. Its roles and responsibilities are mentioned below:

• Promote sustainable,  responsible and universally accessible tourism.
• Special attention towards the development of sustainable tourism in Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
• Promoting the potential of tourism in fighting poverty.
• Successfully implemented Collaborative Actions for Sustainable Tourism (COAST), a tourism project in Africa.
• Work towards mainstreaming tourism on the international agenda and championing the tourism sector as a driver of economic and social development.
• Improving competitiveness in the tourism industry worldwide.
• Work towards aiding the tourism industry contribute towards the eradication of poverty.

The World Tourism Organization is headed by its Secretary-General.

UNWTO and India

India became a member of the UNWTO in 1975. The nodal agency in India that works with the UNWTO is the Ministry of Tourism. 

The UNWTO leads the World Tourism Day celebrations every year on 27 September. In 2019, New Delhi,  India was selected as the host for the celebrations. The theme for the 2019 World Tourism Day was “Tourism and Jobs: A Better Future for All”.

United Nations World Tourism Organization – World Tourism Rankings

The United World Tourism Organization publishes the World Tourism Rankings 3 times in a year. The rankings are assigned by taking into account various indicators like the number of international visitor arrivals, expenditures incurred by outbound travellers, revenue generated through inbound tourism. The countries ranked in the top 10 of World Tourism Rankings as per 2018 are listed below.

• United States
• United Kingdom

Get a list of important reports by international organizations at the linked article.

Tourism in India

The tourism sector in India is an important component of India’s growth and economy. Some of the important facts concerning tourism in India are listed below.

• Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India stood at 10.89 million in 2019.
• Tourism in India generated revenue worth $ 240 billion in 2018.
• The share of tourism in the Indian GDP was at 9.2% in 2018.
• Tourism supported more than 42 million jobs.
• The tourism sector generated 8.1% of India’s total employment.
• By 2028, some studies have indicated that tourism in India is expected to grow by approximately 7% and it is expected to be a $ 450 billion industry.
• As per a report by Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, India is ranked at the 34th position among its member countries. 
• Under the Swadesh Darshan scheme, 77 projects have been sanctioned. Read more on the Swadesh Darshan scheme in PIB dated 24 Dec 2019 .

Also read UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritages in India. 

The Top 5 states/UTs that received the highest number of Foreign Tourists as per 2017 are listed below.

• Maharashtra
• Uttar Pradesh

The Top 5 states that received the highest number of Domestic Tourists as per 2017 are listed below.

• Andhra Pradesh

The Ministry of Tourism is working on improving tourism in the following niche areas:

• Medical Tourism
• Eco-tourism
• Rural Tourism

As per 2018, the highest number of foreign tourists visiting India are from the following countries.

Candidates should go through the relevant links provided below to do preparation for UPSC exam even better-

Get the list of International Organizations and their Headquarters on the given link.

Aspirants can find complete information about upcoming  Government Exams  through the linked article. UPSC exam-related preparation materials will be found through the links given below:

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Metallurgicheskii Zavod Electrostal AO (Russia)

In 1993 "Elektrostal" was transformed into an open joint stock company. The factory occupies a leading position among the manufacturers of high quality steel. The plant is a producer of high-temperature nickel alloys in a wide variety. It has a unique set of metallurgical equipment: open induction and arc furnaces, furnace steel processing unit, vacuum induction, vacuum- arc furnaces and others. The factory has implemented and certified quality management system ISO 9000, received international certificates for all products. Elektrostal today is a major supplier in Russia starting blanks for the production of blades, discs and rolls for gas turbine engines. Among them are companies in the aerospace industry, defense plants, and energy complex, automotive, mechanical engineering and instrument-making plants.

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Contact Details: Purchase the Metallurgicheskii Zavod Electrostal AO report to view the information.

Website: http://elsteel.ru

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Misleading advertisements and Issues related to it

Syllabus: Application of Ethics

Context: The Supreme Court has urged the government to take action against Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies for using misleading advertisements , especially those targeting families with babies and schoolchildren.

In another case, the Supreme Court criticized the Union government for its inaction against Patanjali Ayurved over misleading advertisements and ordered the company’s MD Acharya Balakrishna and co-founder Yoga guru Ramdev to submit their public apology published in newspapers.

Concerns were raised amid reports of higher sugar content in Nestle’s baby food products .

What are Misleading Advertisements?

Misleading advertisements are  promotional messages or claims that deceive or mislead consumers about the characteristics, benefits, or efficacy of a product or service. These ads may contain false or exaggerated information, leading consumers to make purchasing decisions based on inaccurate perceptions

Examples of misleading advertisements:

Impact of misleading advertisement:

Legal provisions against misleading advertisements :

Thinker’s view on Misleading Advertisements:

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• Regulating misleading advertisements

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Do you think that the brand ambassadors of products should be held accountable for misleading advertisements and endorsements? Examine. (250 Words)

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Consider the following statements: (UPSC 2018)

• The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 replaced the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
• The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is under the charge of the Director General of Health Services in the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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