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Travelling to Australia from the UK: Visa and Entry Requirements FAQs

Learn about visa requirements for entry to Australia for tourism purposes with this list of frequently asked questions. 

Please note this page is intended to provide general information only and does not constitute legal advice. Tourism Australia is not the Australian government visa granting authority. For information on visas to enter Australia, visitors should seek the most up-to-date information from Australian Government Department of Home Affairs .*

Ready to plan your trip? We're ready to welcome you! Here are some helpful tips for getting your visa sorted: 

• Be sure to secure the appropriate visa before travelling to Australia. Use the Visa Finder to explore your options.
• Ensure all details are correct and provide all required documents when you apply. An incomplete or incorrect application can delay your visa.
• Submitting multiple applications at the same time can slow the process. For visitor visas, submit one application per person, including children. 
• Questions? The Australian Government's Global Service Centre can help.

Australian Visa Information

Unless you are an Australian citizen, you will need a valid Australian visa to enter the country. New Zealand passport holders can apply for a visa upon arrival in the country. All other passport holders, regardless of age, must apply for a visa before leaving home. You can apply for a range of Australian visa types, including tourist visas and working holiday visas, via the ETA app or on the  Department of Home Affairs website.

There are different Australian visa types available for travellers to Australia. Knowing which Australian visa to apply for depends on the length of your stay, your passport and the purpose of your visit. You’ll also need to meet certain financial and medical requirements, be outside of Australia when applying and maintain health insurance for the duration of your stay. 

Electronic Travel Authority visa  (subclass 601) This visa allows you to visit Australia as many times as you want, for up to a year, and stay for three months each visit. This visa is available to passport holders from a number of countries and regions, who live outside Australia. A step-by-step guide on how to apply is  here .

All ETA-eligible passport holders must apply for an ETA using the Australian ETA app. Agents can assist you in the application process, but you must be physically present as a live facial image is required.

eVisitor  (subclass 651) This is a free visa for multiple visits to Australia for tourism or business purposes for up to three months at a time within a 12-month period. This visa is available to passport holders from a number of European countries and it cannot be extended.

Visitor visa  (subclass 600) The Visitor visa allows you to visit Australia, either for tourism or business purposes. It is open to all nationalities. Generally, a period of stay of up to three months is granted, but up to 12 months may be granted in certain circumstances. Applicants will have to pay a fee to submit their application.

The application process may differ depending on which visa you need.

You can only apply for the  Electronic Travel Authority visa  (subclass 601) through the Australian ETA app. A step-by-step guide on how to apply is located  here .

For other visas, you can apply online by creating an ImmiAccount and completing the application process. Be sure to submit your application well in advance of your travel date to allow enough time for processing. You may be asked to provide further supporting information. You will be notified in writing if your tourist visa is approved and it will be digitally linked to your passport. For more information on different visa types, and Australian visa requirements including how to apply for an Australian visa, visit the  Department of Home Affairs  website.

If you are already in Australia and hold a valid Electronic Travel Authority visa (subclass 601) you can extend your stay by applying for another visa, such as a Visitor visa (subclass 600). An eVisitor (subclass 651) cannot be extended.

See the Department of Home Affairs website for details.

Working Holiday Visas

Australia's Working Holiday Maker program allows visitors aged under 30 (or 35 in certain cases) who hold a passport from a participating country to travel and work in Australia. Working holiday visas are valid for one year, or up to three years if you meet certain conditions.

Find out more about working holiday visas here .

*Australian visa regulations (including visa application charges) change from time to time. The information provided here is valid at the time of publication, but visitors should check this information is still current by visiting the Australian Department of Home Affairs .

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Entry requirements

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Australia set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact Australia’s High Commission in the UK.

COVID-19 rules

You do not need a pre-departure COVID-19 test to enter or transit Australia regardless of your COVID-19 vaccination status. See the Australian government’s website for advice on COVID-19 and travelling.

COVID-19 quarantine requirements

Each state and territory determines its own quarantine rules. You should check requirements for specific states and territories .

Passport validity requirements

For entry into Australia, your passport should be valid for the proposed duration of your stay. If you’re transiting another country on your way to or from Australia, check the entry requirements for that country. Many countries will only allow entry if you have at least 6 months validity remaining on your passport.

Visa requirements

British citizens can usually get the following types of electronic visitor visa:

• eVisitor visa . There is no visa application charge or service fee
• Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) via the iOS App or Android App . There is no visa application charge, but a service fee of A$20 may apply

Information on all other types of visa is available from the Department of Home Affairs .

Working holiday visa

Thousands of Britons travel to Australia each year on a working holiday visa and the vast majority have no issues. Working conditions, accommodation and medical facilities are generally of a good standard.

You can find information about your rights as an employee in Australia and how to report any concerns about unfair or unlawful treatment on the Fair Work Ombudsman website , or by calling 131 394.

Get more information about working in Australia .

Dual nationals

If you’re a British national living in Australia with Australian citizenship, or a dual national, it is best to leave and enter Australia on your Australian passport. You could face difficulties and delays if you do not. See Australian government advice for dual nationals .

Vaccination requirements (other than COVID-19)

At least 8 weeks before your trip, check the vaccinations and certificates you need in TravelHealthPro’s Australia guide .

Quarantine of goods

Australia has strict quarantine rules to keep out pests and diseases that could affect plant, animal or human health.

You must fill out an Incoming Passenger Card and either:

• declare any risk goods including food, animal products and plant material (including wooden articles)
• dispose of any risk goods in the bins at the airport or sea port

All luggage is x-rayed on arrival. Any items of concern are further inspected, treated and if necessary confiscated and destroyed. You can be heavily fined for breaches of quarantine regulations.

You can find more information on the Department of Agriculture website .

You will also be asked to declare whether you have ‘visited a rural area, or been in contact with, or near, farm animals outside Australia in the past 30 days’.

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Visa application fees

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Your guide to visas

There are different visa options available to you as an international student or graduate.

Main content

Explore visa options.

For students coming to Australia to study, the most common visa is the Student visa (subclass 500). After completing studies in Australia, eligible students can apply for a Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485) to live and work in Australia.  Alternatively, short-term or temporary visas may better suit your study experience.

Student visa (subclass 500)

Find out about the Student visa (subclass 500) including study types, work hours restrictions and application fees.

Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485)

Find out about the Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485) including eligibility and length of stay.

Other types of visas

If you want to study in Australia, the most common visa is the Student visa. However, short-term or temporary visas may suit your study plans.

How to apply for a student visa

Find out how to apply for a Student visa (subclass 500) for Australia, with this helpful step-by-step guide.

Step-by-step information

Discover more

Bringing your family.

Read about the requirements for bringing family members on a dependent’s visa and how to plan accordingly.

Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC)

Find out about Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) for international students in Australia.

What can you bring to Australia?

Learn about Australia’s strict customs and biosecurity laws, including what goods you can and cannot bring into the country.

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How to Study in Australia from the UK

by Jordyn Jacobson - Last updated on February 9, 2024

• Before You Go

Studying abroad is becoming increasingly common among university students as it is a great way to advance your academic career and expand your cultural horizons. Australia is the perfect study abroad destination for students from the UK as the two countries share a similar education system and a common language.

Whether you want to go for one semester or complete your entire degree in Australia, you’re guaranteed to receive a world-class education and discover a spectacular country. Keep reading to find out how to study in Australia from the UK!

If you want to lay on beautiful beaches, get lost in beautiful cosmopolitan cities, admire unique natural landscapes, and get to know friendly Aussie locals, you’ve come to the right place. This article will cover everything you need to know about obtaining a student visa, choosing your university, qualifying for your studies, and applying to programs in Australia.

Are there student visa requirements for UK citizens in Australia?

This is the place where you’ll take your education to the next level while enjoying beach days and outdoor adventures.

The first thing to consider is whether there are UK student visa requirements in Australia. All foreigners who want to study abroad at an Australian university must apply for a Student Visa (Subclass 500) .

You must meet the following requirements to attain this kind of visa:

• Prove that you are enrolled in a course of study in Australia.
• Purchase the necessary health insurance
• Meet their English language requirements.
• Prove that you have the financial means necessary to live in the country.
• Meet their character and health requirements.
• Make welfare arrangements if you are a minor.

Once you have received your student visa, you can study in Australia for a maximum of five years and travel in and out of the country as you please.

4 other requirements to study abroad in Australia from the UK

Aside from obtaining the right visa for your study abroad program, there are other requirements necessary to study in Australia from the UK. These may include:

• Academic qualifications: Luckily, Australia and the UK have similar secondary school and higher education systems, making studying in Australia from the UK a simple transition. You can easily transfer academic qualifications to your university abroad. The required marks for admission will differ from university to university.
• English proficiency: Like the UK, classes in Australia are most often taught in English. You may have to prove your English proficiency to gain admission to your university, but this is usually only required of those who do not speak English as a first language.
• Statement of purpose: Universities in Australia require that applicants provide a written statement of purpose. Your statement can include your future career objectives , academic and non-academic activities, and interest in the subject you are applying to study.
• Letter of recommendation: Finally, to study in Australia from the UK, your university may ask you to provide a letter of recommendation. This can come from any person of authority but is most often written by a teacher. The letter will include the reasons why they believe the university should admit you as a student.

How to study abroad in Australia from the UK

1. decide where and when to go.

Are Sydney’s iconic sites calling out to you?

The first step to studying abroad in Australia from the UK is deciding when and where to go . Australia is home to world-renowned universities such as the University of Melbourne, the University of Sydney, and the University of New South Wales. Choosing the perfect university for you will depend on which subjects you want to study and what kind of environment you want to be in.

When it comes to choosing a time to go , it is important to note that Australia has different term times than the UK. The first semester runs from February to June and the second semester runs from July to November. If you are only going for one semester, you will have to figure out how to work this into your home university schedule.

Australia also has different seasons than the UK, with their summer months being December to February. Keep this in mind if you want warm weather!

2. Inquire at your university or choose a program

If you are planning to study in Australia from the UK through a program at your university, then they may already have a pre-arranged partnership set up. If this is the case, you should reach out to your study abroad team to find out where you can go, what the application timeline is, and how many spots are available. However, if you need to arrange an experience on your own, you should look into available programs that match your academic and personal preferences.

3. Make sure you meet all requirements

As mentioned before, the universities you apply to may have specific requirements for gaining admission. Before you begin your applications, you should find out which schools you are eligible to apply to. Make sure you have adequate grades, language proficiency, and documents so that your applications are perfect.

READ: 7 Best Places to Study Abroad in Australia

4. apply for programs.

When applying to programs, you should ask your university for assistance . Your exchange advisors have deep experience with study abroad programs and will be the best people to help you with your applications. You should be extremely thorough with each application and spend extra time writing your personal statement and choosing someone to write your letter of recommendation.

5. Apply for a visa

Time to add a visa to study in Australia to your travel documents.

Once you get into your program, you can apply for your student visa. Before applying, brush up on the UK student visa requirements in Australia, and make sure to get all of the required documentation together to make the application process easier.

You should give yourself plenty of time before the beginning of your program in case something goes wrong. You can apply directly online, so there is no need to go in person to the embassy.

6. Find accommodation

Once you know which university you will be attending and you have obtained your visa, you should start looking for a place to live . Some universities provide on-campus housing, but you can also choose to live in a private flat off-campus.

If you don’t know who you want to live with, you can find flatmates through sites like Flatmatefinders and Flatmates.com.au . If you already know who you want to live with you can find a flat on sites such as Uniplaces , rent.com.au , realestate.com.au , and Domain .

7. Create a budget

Now that you know where you are living, you can create a budget for your time in Australia. Having a plan will relieve some of the financial pressures of going abroad.

Some important things to include in your budget include monthly rent, tuition fees, food costs, social activities, and travel. The Australian government has a cost of living calculator that will give you an idea of how much you should budget for each month.

8. Book your flight!

Congratulations! Now that you have gotten into your program, obtained a visa, found a place to live, and created a budget, you are ready to book your flight to Australia!

Talk to our FREE Online Advisor and get matched with 5 study abroad programs in Australia

How much does it cost to study abroad in australia.

Once you know how to study in Australia from the UK, you’re ready to start saving up to put your dream into reality!

Now that you know how to study in Australia from the UK, you may be wondering—can I study in Australia from the UK on a student budget? While everyone’s budget will look different for their time abroad in Australia, here are some general costs to help you figure out how much you can expect to spend:

• Tuition fees: The first cost to factor into your budget for Australia is the university’s tuition fees. University tends to be more expensive in Australia than in the UK, with a bachelor’s degree costing around £5,200 to £11,700 a semester.
• Visa: Another fee to consider is the cost of your student visa. You will be asked to pay £372 unless you are exempt.
• Accommodation: The next cost to keep in mind is your monthly rent. Accommodation costs will vary depending on which city you live in. The most expensive cities in Australia include Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, and Brisbane. Throughout the country, private flats, student housing, and university halls can cost anywhere from £200 to £1500 a week .
• Food: The next thing you want to think about is how much money you will spend on food. This will depend on how often you eat out and whether you have access to a kitchen at home. The average Australian spends £200 a month on groceries , while a meal out can cost anywhere from £10 to £26.
• Travel: Finally, if you plan to travel during your semester abroad, you should include these costs in your budget for Australia. Within your own city, you can expect to pay about £24 a week for public transportation . For longer journeys throughout the country, Greyhound has travel passes that let you go on unlimited trips for a set price. Their 30-day pass costs £240.

3 study abroad programs in Australia to consider

1. tean - australia - bond university, gold coast.

• Why? This study abroad program provides UK students the opportunity to study on Australia’s beautiful Gold Coast. They offer a wide variety of subjects, amazing housing options, and individual attention to each study abroad student. What’s more, their calendar is in line with the UK university schedule, making it easier for you to work your semester abroad into your studies.
• Where? Gold Coast
• Read TEAN (The Education Abroad Network) reviews

2. Study in Australia with World Endeavors

• Why? This program takes place at Western Sydney University. Living in the metropolitan city of Sydney, you will have access to parks, beaches, cultural centers, and an exciting social scene. In addition, you will be immersed in an international student body, a variety of on-campus activities, and a dynamic educational environment.
• Where? Sydney
• Read World Endeavors reviews

3. Future-Focused Study Abroad: IFSA in Australia

• Why? This study abroad provider offers a wide range of programs throughout the country. If you want to study abroad in Australia and also want to be able to choose from over 10 top-rated universities, this is the program for you. In addition, you will have the opportunity to win a travel grant or apply for an equity scholarship.
• Where? Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville, or Wollongong
• Read IFSA, Institute for Study Abroad reviews

Can’t pick? Sign up for MyGoAbroad and compare these programs side-by-side for FREE

Next stop: australia.

Jump into adventure and sign up to study in Australia.

You’re all ready to head to the land Down Under ! With all the similarities to the UK, Australia makes the perfect destination for a UK university student. Whether you want to hit the streets of Sydney or Melbourne, surf on the Gold Coast, or find kangaroos in the wild, endless adventures are waiting for you in Australia.

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Why do international students choose to study in Australia?

Research Fellow, Victoria University

Director, Mitchell Institute, Victoria University

Research Officer, Victoria University

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University education for international students is touted as one of “Australia’s most successful exports”.

International education was worth A$36.4 billion to the Australian economy in 2022–23. Many of Australia’s universities also rely on international student fees to fund their research .

But despite this success, COVID border closures showed Australia cannot take international student revenue for granted. Australia also faces ongoing competition for international students from other English-speaking countries as well as rising competition from countries such as China. As the recent Universities Accord final report noted , the international student market is “volatile”.

Our study looks at why international students want to come to Australia. It then suggests ways we can make the international education sector more sustainable.

Read more: We are hurtling towards a million international students in Australia – migration changes will only slow this growth, not stop it

Our paper looked at 46 peer-reviewed studies between 1998 and 2023 that examined why international students choose to come to Australia to study.

From this, we identified 22 “pull” factors that drive international students’ choice of Australia as their tertiary education destination.

The pull factors are those that relate to Australia and which we have some control over.

What we found

The five most frequently reported reasons Australia appealed to students were:

career opportunities and life experiences

quality education and qualification

cost of study and living

migration prospects and policy

reputation of tertiary education institutions and academic staff.

Further analysis showed environmental factors (those related to living in Australia) had more influence on students’ decision-making than academic factors (those related to study).

This means factors such as career and life experiences, a safe environment and a student’s proximity to their home country were more important than a quality education or qualification, or the reputation of an institution.

But the analysis also shows academic factors are still of course important and cannot be ignored.

Our main competitors

Australia needs to be careful to maintain its position as a desirable place for international students to come and spend precious time and money.

The United States and United Kingdom are Australia’s biggest competitors for international students. Both easily outrank Australia in prestigious international university rankings. So it is difficult for Australia to compete with the US and UK on academic terms.

But Australia is facing rising competition in both academic and environmental terms from traditional source countries such as China and Malaysia.

Asian destinations mean students do not have to travel as far from home. More importantly, many Asian universities, particularly in China, are rising in world university rankings.

How does Australia stay competitive?

Australia needs to think carefully about how it will remain competitive and attractive for students. There are four key ways it can do this.

First, it can ensure adequate support for international students to be employable in Australia when they graduate. Australian universities should guarantee international students work experience in their field of study.

Second, there also needs to be a clear migration pathway for international students who graduate and get a relevant job. As the recent migration review noted:

Australia is not focused enough on capturing high-potential international students.

Third, we need to broaden our academic reputation. At the moment, international students are concentrated in some metropolitan universities.

Australia needs to promote the academic and environmental benefits of studying in regional areas. There may be different courses on offer and opportunities to see different parts of Australia. In addition, when studying in regional Australia, international students can earn points towards their skilled visa applications.

Finally, we need to promote pathways between vocational education (such as TAFEs) and universities. At the moment Australia does not do much to promote the possibility of studying at TAFE first and then moving to a university course. We looked at studies that showed some students are deterred by highly competitive university entry schemes. This is especially the case with some Chinese and Vietnamese students who then apply to study in other countries.

By promoting these pathways, Australia can also attract those willing to be trained in areas where there are skills shortages .

Read more: 'Very few companies are open for international students': South Asian graduates say they need specific support to find jobs

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Study Abroad: UK vs. Australia - A Comprehensive Comparison

Everything you need to know to make the right study abroad decision..

Australia and the UK are both exciting study abroad destinations! While the UK is known to have universities among the top 10 in the world and multicultural cities, Australia is known for its high quality education and stunning beaches. In this article, let us understand the university experience these countries offer.

Table of Contents

Indian Presence in the UK and Australia: A Comparison

Top universities- global index.

• Popular Courses- The UK and Australia

Admission Requirements

• Costs for Postgraduate Courses in The UK and Australia

Student Visa – The UK and Australia

• Post-graduate Work Visa in The UK and Australia
• Residency in UK and Australia
• The climate in the UK and Australia

According to official immigration data from the Australian government, the number of student visa grants for Indian students in July-August 2022 was close to 9000. The Higher Education Student Statistics for the UK reported the number of Indian students in the UK, in 2020-21, at 605,130.

If your desire is a study abroad destination with a significant Indian community base, the UK is the choice for you. 

According to Times Higher Education Rankings for 2023 ,  the UK’s universities took the number 1, 3, and 10 spots, with the University of Oxford taking the crown. 

Based on the 2020 rankings, the number of universities under 200 kept declining between 2016 and 2020 for both the US and UK, while Australia’s universities kept improving. It is the only country to depict strong performance whilst improving in all the metrics. 

As you can see from the table below, in terms of the number of universities in the top 200 of the world, the UK takes second position, while Australia comes at a close fourth. 

Top Universities- the UK

UK’s 10 universities that ranked in top 100 in the world in 2023 are shown below

Top Universities- Australia

Australia’s 7 Universities that ranked in the top 100 in the world in 2023 can be seen in the table below.

Popular Courses- the UK and Australia

Listed below are the most popular courses in the UK and Australia. So, for instance, if you are a student of business and management, the UK might be a better destination for you than Australia. On the other hand, if you’re a student of accounting or tourism studies, Australia might be your preferred destination. 

To be eligible to apply for a postgraduate course in the UK, you need to have successfully completed a three year undergraduate degree in India. There may be additional eligibility criteria on which undergraduate courses qualify based on the field of study you apply to. 

You may also be expected to provide scores for the following tests:

• GMAT – Management courses typically require a GMAT score for eligibility. 
• GRE – Some Masters programs in science may require you to give the GRE exam. 
• IELTS, TOEFL, PTE- Most universities in the UK require English language proficiency test results as part of their admission process. Check with your university on which test in specific you need to provide. 

UK universities can be extremely specific about which English test results they accept, so make sure to check on this. 

To be eligible to apply for a postgraduate course in Australia, you need to have successfully completed a three-year degree course and in case of engineering, you are required to complete a four-year undergraduate engineering degree.

Admission to vocational courses tend to have relaxed criteria. However, all other courses require a bunch of test scores including

• GRE – Some Masters programs in science as well as engineering programs may require you to give the GRE exam. 
• IELTS, TOEFL, PTE- Most universities in Australia require English language proficiency test results as part of their admission process. Check with your university on which test in specific you need to provide. 

Some universities waive the requirement of IELTS or TOEFL scores for the admission process but, it is required to get the visa.

Cost of Living

Tuition fee is one major factor that you need to consider while deciding on which country to opt for. The tuition fee for postgraduate courses in the UK ranges between £9,000 – £15,000 (approximately 8.39 lakhs – 14 lakhs INR) per year. Most of the postgraduate courses in the UK are of one-year duration.

In addition to the tuition fee, you need to pay for the rent, food and living for the duration of your course. These costs on average sum up to £12,180 (approximately 11.2 Lakhs  INR) per year. If you wish to live in London then the costs increase and you are required to have at least  £15,180 (approximately 14 Lakhs  INR) per year. In order to get the Visa, you are required to show the proof of having the above-mentioned amounts. 

Also read top 10 affordable student cities in the UK

Compared to the UK, the tuition and living costs in Australia are high. For postgraduate courses, the tuition fees in Australia ranges from AUD 29,309 – 54,223 (approximately 14.18 lakhs – 26.24 lakhs INR) per year.

Apart from the tuition fees, living costs range from AUD 27,843 – 29308 (approximately 13.37 lakhs – 14.18 lakhs INR) per year.

As a student accepted to study abroad in the UK, you will need to apply for a UK Student visa (formerly Tier 4 UK Visa) . Recently, UK Post-Study Work Visa Rules were relaxed for international students. To be eligible for the visa you need to prove that:

• You have been accepted to a full-time study program
• You can make a payment of the £363 visa processing fees to apply for a UK Student Visa.

The UK student visa allows you to work part-time up to 20 hours per week (on campus or off campus), and full-time during vacations (only on-campus). 

To study in Australia, you need to apply for a Student Visa. Australia also provides a post study work permit that allows you to stay in the country for up to 2 years until employed. 

To apply for the Australian Student Visa you will need 

• To make application fee of  620 AUD ( approximately 30,020 INR)
• To have been accepted to a full-time study program

With an Australian student visa, you can only work for 40 hours per fortnight during your study

Post-graduate Work Visa in UK and Australia

The Graduate Route Visa allows international students who have earned a degree from a recognized university in the UK to stay in the country for up to 2 years and look for gainful employment. If you want to work there after your studies, then you need to apply for a Graduate Visa (PSW UK). 

The application for the Graduate Route visa happens once you can prove successful completion of your study program. Once your application is accepted, your UK Student visa converts to a Graduate Route Visa. 

Similar to the new visa rule of the UK, Australia also provides a 2-year post-study work visa for international students with an undergraduate degree and above. Under this work permit, the student can work in any field or industry.

Permanent Residency Opportunities

Getting a permanent residence is not that easy but it is not impossible. In order to apply for the permanent visa also called Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), you need to complete 5 years of a graduate job. Along with a stable full-time job with good income, you should also have good moral conduct with no criminal record to get the ILR. Approximately, 40,000 Indians were granted permanent residency in 2016. 

Getting Australian Permanent Residence (PR) is far easier than in the UK. You can also apply for citizenship after 3 years of formal work after your graduation. Australia has a point based system that awards points based on your age, education, language proficiency, skillset and work experience. It is typically easy to get 65+ points on the test, which is usually enough to grant permanent residency. 

The Climate in the UK and Australia

For some students who feel they cannot handle extreme temperatures or climatic conditions, the weather might be another important factor to consider when applying to the two countries. 

In the UK, average temperature in the summer months ranges from 15-25°C. 

Winters in the UK are characterized by cold weather, rain, and sometimes snow and fog with winter temperatures ranging from 0 to 7 degrees Celsius.

The UK is known for its unpredictable rain.

Climate is the biggest boon for Australia and is one of the main reasons for international students to choose the country. It is sunnier compared to the UK and the beautiful beaches add to the balanced weather conditions. 

The temperature ranges between 20°C to 25°C throughout the year.

Which One’s For You- The UK or Australia?

As you can see, the answer to this question will depend on your situation and individual dreams. The UK is more affordable than Australia but also has many scholarship opportunities. On the other hand, those looking to return to India to work in the public sector or study further are more likely to choose Australia. Those looking for specialized education in specific fields such as tourism and earth sciences, are likely to choose Australia. 

If you have trouble making a decision and need more clarity, feel free to contact our student support team , who will work with you to bring the clarity you need. 

All the best!

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• SoPs, LoRs, Resumes - proofreading, sharing samples, etc.
• Information on Application Fee waivers, GRE / IELTS waivers, deadlines, etc.
• University Applications - help with documentation, application form filling, special requirements, etc.
• Tracking and follow-up with University Partners for Offer/Admit, I-20, CAS, COE, etc.
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UK vs Australia...

UK vs Australia: Which is Better For International Students?

In today’s time, Australia and UK leave no stone unturned in providing the best educational opportunities for international students. Both countries have prestigious institutions backed by a robust economy and high quality of life. Each country welcomes thousands of international students into their award-winning universities for undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Both Australia and UK have policies to make the experience of learning smooth and beneficial for students. Also, there are visa options that allow international students to settle after the completion of their courses in both countries. Choosing between UK vs Australia for international students is surely an important decision due to these reasons.

While UK stands second in the list of popular destinations for international studies, Australia comes in fifth. So, if you are planning to pursue your higher education abroad, these two countries are fine choices. For a detailed understanding of UK vs Australia for indian students, we have included all the necessary details in this article like top universities, admission requirements, cost of living, job opportunities, etc.

Admission Criteria & Requirements for Studying in UK vs Australia

Choosing the ideal option between Australia and UK is not that difficult. All you have to do is compare all the criteria and requirements that both countries have for international students. First of all, universities in Australia and UK have different eligibility requirements for students. For a detailed understanding of Australia vs UK for international students, let’s take a look at these requirements.

1.  Eligibility Criteria to Study in UK

Students who want to pursue a degree in UK will have to fulfil these important eligibility requirements to study in UK in top institutions.

• Higher Secondary Education
• English Language Proficiency Scores
• ACT/SAT Scores
• Bachelor’s Degree
• Work Experience
• Master’s Degree

Let’s know these requirements of UK in detail:

1.  Higher Secondary Education

Students seeking admission to the top universities in UK for bachelors programs must have completed their high school graduation with a minimum aggregate score of 60%.

2.  English Language Proficiency Scores

It is important for students from non-English speaking countries to submit their English Language Proficiency test scores such as IELTS and TOEFL. The minimum required scores for these examinations in UK universities are:

• IELTS: 6.5 or above
• TOEFL: 100 or above

3.  ACT/SAT Scores

Students who have passed their higher secondary exams and want to pursue a bachelor’s degree will also have to submit their ACT or SAT scores to get admission to top colleges in UK. The requirements for these exams are mentioned below:

• ACT : 16 or above
• SAT : 1100 or above

4.  Bachelor’s Degree

Students applying for a master’s course in UK need to submit their bachelor’s degree certificate with a minimum GPA or 3.0 or above. Different universities in UK might have higher requirements for the bachelor’s degree in UK based on the course type.

5.  Work Experience

It is mandatory for students to have some work experience of about 1-2 years if they want to apply for a Master’s program in UK . The work experience helps universities in assessing the expertise, collaboration skills, teamwork skills, and leadership skills of students.

6.  GMAT/GRE

GMAT is a common entrance examination required for students who are specifically applying for management programs in UK. GRE is another examination that students have to complete in order to pursue any masters course in UK. The minimum score requirements for both GMAT and GRE are:

• GMAT: 550 or above
• GRE: 160 or above

7.  Master’s Degree

For students who are applying for doctoral programs in UK, one basic requirement is to complete the Master’s degree. Students can choose their specialisation of PhD in UK based on their interests.

2.  Eligibility Criteria to Study in Australia

For students who are applying to Australian universities, it is important to fulfil the eligibility requirements. 

• SAT/ACT Scores
• Masters Degree

Applying to Bachelors programs in Australia requires the students to score at least 65% aggregate marks in their 10+2 examination. On the basis of their scores, students can choose their specialisation from the fields of arts, commerce, science, business administration, etc.

IELTS and TOEFL are the most popular English Language Proficiency tests, widely accepted by universities in Australia. So, students seeking admission to the best universities in the country will have to score at least 7.0 or above in the IELTS exam to secure their place. For TOEFL , the average score requirements are 80 or above.

3.  SAT/ACT Scores

Various universities in Australia accept SAT/ACT scores for undergraduate admission, and the good SAT score required for admission is above 1500. And the ACT average score requirement in Australian universities is 28 or above.

For students applying to masters courses in Australia, a bachelor’s degree is mandatory. Students need to maintain an overall GPA of 3.5 or more to get admission to the top universities and colleges in Australia.

Students will have to submit some proof of work experience to the universities in Australia. For several masters programs in Australia including MBA and MS, a work experience of at least 1 year is essential.

Students will also have to submit their GMAT or GRE scores to get admission to the top colleges and universities in Australia. The minimum scores that are required by the universities are

• GMAT : 600+

7.  Masters Degree

It is important for international students to submit their Master degree in USA results if they want to pursue a doctoral program in Australia.

Australia a worthy Study Destination: Perspective from Student

Cost of Studying and Cost of Living in UK vs Australia

Due to the high standards of living and the excellent education systems in both UK and Australia, both countries prove to be expensive for international students. The overall cost of studying and cost of living in UK vs Australia can be broken down into two categories: program fees and living expenses.

1.  Tuition Fees in UK vs Australia

The program fees for different educational courses offered in UK and Australian universities are mentioned below in detail.

2.  Cost of Living in UK vs Australia

The overall expenses that students have to bear while living in UK and Australia are tabulated below for better understanding.

Living Cost in UK for International Students in 2022

Top Universities in UK vs Australia For International Students

When it comes to comparing the options for studying in Australia vs UK, the top educational institutions play a very important role. These universities offer top-notch education programs, scholarships, training, specialisations, and courses for international students.

To delve deeper into the UK vs Australia university comparison, we are providing a separate list of top-ranking universities in each country.

1.  Top Universities in UK

Here is a list of the top universities in UK along with their QS World University Ranking 2023.

2.  Top Universities in Australia

Mentioned below in the list are the top universities in Australia as well their QS World University Rankings 2023.

Top 10 Universities in UK for Masters

Differences in UK vs Australia Education System and Student Life

There are certain differences between the overall education system, student life, and other aspects when it comes to Australia and UK. Let us have a look at these differences in detail.

Suggested: Complete Guide to Education in UK

Student Visa in UK vs Canada

To decide between Australia or UK which is the better country to study, the student visa process is also a mandatory requirement. Both countries require students to apply for a student visa in order to pursue higher education. Here are some details about the student visa process for both countries.

1.  Student Visa for UK

• In UK, the full-time student Visa is called the Tier 4 Visa. The total UK visa cost for students is about 350 GBP. You will also have to pay the same amount in case you are applying for a dependent visa. Students will also have to pay an international health surcharge which costs around 705 GBP.
• Students might be asked for a personal interview round with the Visa consulate in order to get approval.
• In case you have a short-term study visa, be prepared to leave the borders of UK within 30 days of your course completion.

Documents Required for UK Student Visa

There are some additional documents required for applying for UK student visa . Some of these documents are:

• A valid passport
• CAS or Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies reference number & related documents for obtaining CAS
• Assessment documentation
• ATAS (Academic Technology Approval Scheme) clearance report
• Proof of finances
• Certificate of Enrolment
• Proof of English language proficiency
• Pass-port size photographs

2.  Student Visa for Australia

• The student visa in Australia is known as Subclass 500. Students will only be considered eligible for a student visa if they are enrolled on a registered full-time course in Australia.
• The maximum validity of the Australian student visa is 5 years.
• Students have to choose from a course or program registered with the Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students.

Documents Required for Australia Student Visa

The following documents required for Australia Student Visa are:

• Electronic Confirmation of Enrolment certificate from an Australian University.
• GTE or Genuine Temporary Entrant Statement
• Documents and transcripts of previous academic results
• Overseas Student Health Cover (500 AUD – 2500 AUD/per year)
• Passport-size photographs
• English language proficiency test scores
• Proof of Civil status (if applicable)
• Evidence of financial means
• Proof of Visa fee payment

Australia Student Visa Requirements: Documents, Age Limit, Language & Financial Requirements

Stay Back Options in UK vs Australia

Both Australia and UK has provisions for students who want to stay and work there after the completion of their course. However, the duration of stay is different for both UK and Australia, with the latter offering a longer duration of stay for students. Let us have a look at the stay-back options for UK vs Australia.

1.  Stay Back In UK

Students in UK have the opportunity to stay back in the country even after their course is completed. The total period for which the students can stay back in UK is 2 years.

2.  Stay Back In Australia

In the case of Australia, students can stay back after the completion of their courses for a total duration of 5 years. Recently, the Australian Government has increased the stay-back duration from 3 years to 5 years for international students.

Visa Regulations in the UK

Post Study Work Opportunities in UK Vs Australia

Due to the growth of the economy in both Australia and UK, there are plenty of job opportunities for students in these countries. Students can opt for different career roles in UK and Australia depending on their specialisation and expertise. Various fields of science, commerce, humanities, technology, management, etc. are on the lookout for professionals who have completed their education in these countries. Following are the work opportunities and salary scope of students in Australia and UK.

1.  Post Study Job Opportunities in UK

With more than 27000 different recruiting companies in UK, students have an abundance of employment opportunities with their 2 year work permit in UK after they complete their education in UK. Here we are mentioning the job roles and average annual salary of graduates in UK.

2.  Post Study Job Opportunities in Australia

Despite being smaller in size when compared to UK, Australia also has a plethora of employment opportunities for international students. Here are the details about the post-study work options for students in Australia.

Complete Guide to Finding Part time Jobs in UK for International Students: Eligibility, Rules, Pay & More

Choosing between UK or Australia, which is better for international students, is simple if you follow these criteria and details. Students will have a multitude of opportunities to build their careers after the completion of their courses in these countries. To decide which country is a better fit for your higher education, choose Yocket Premium and get proper guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions about UK vs Australia

Is studying in UK cheaper than Australia?

The cost of studying in UK is comparatively cheaper due to the shorter duration of courses. Also, the university tuition fees are quite less when compared to Australia.

Which country, UK or Australia is better to study in?

It depends on the choice of the student. However, the universities in UK are higher in the rankings and education quality when compared to universities in Australia.

Can I work in UK after completing my course?

Yes, UK allows students to work for two years after the completion of their courses.

What is the validity of the Australian student visa?

The Australian Student Visa (Subclass 500) has a validity of 5 years.

What are the top companies that hire international students in Australia?

After completing your education in Australia, international students can work for companies like: 1) AECOM 2) Google Australia 3) PwC 4) ResMed 5) Allen

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UK Visas for International Students

• April 28, 2023

The United Kingdom (UK) is one of the top destinations in the world for international students. It’s acclaimed for its excellent academic reputation and quality of life. Approximately 1 in 5 students in the UK are international , and the region has the second-highest number of international students in the world.

To study in the UK as an international student , you’re going to need a visa. Here are key things you need to know about UK visas for international students.

Which UK Student Visa is Right for You?

If you’re 16 years old or older, and want to study a higher education course in the UK, a Student visa (formerly known as a General student visa – Tier 4 ) is likely the best choice. However, if you’re 4-17 years old and you want to attend an independent (private) school , you may apply for a Child Student visa. We’ll discuss how to apply for a Child Student visa below, and a Student visa in the next section.

If you’re applying for a Child Student visa , you’ll need written consent from your parent or guardian to study in the UK, proof that you’ll have sufficient funds to support yourself while studying, and an unconditional offer from an independent school.

How to Apply for a UK Student Visa

These visa applications are submitted online . You may apply either from outside the UK, or inside the UK if you want to extend your student visa or switch from a different visa type. Generally, applications from outside the UK take less time, with an average three-week response rate. Inside the UK, it usually takes within eight weeks to get a decision.

If your supporting documents need to be verified, you have a criminal conviction, or you need to attend an interview, it may take longer to hear back.

Students can’t apply for a visa more than three months before the start of their program.

In the UK, student visas are sponsored by the licensed institution you’ll be studying at. You must have an unconditional offer of admission by a licensed sponsor before you can apply. This will arrive as a reference number called a Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS), which you’ll add to your visa application.

Remember: Plan out your application timeline! You must apply for your visa within six months of receiving your CAS.

UK Student Visa Criteria

Per the UK Government’s website , the following courses or programmes are eligible for Student visas:

“You can do one of the following courses:

• A full-time course leading to a qualification that’s below degree level ( RQF level 3, 4, or 5)  with at least 15 hours a week of organised daytime study
• A full-time course leading to a qualification that’s degree level or above ( RQF level 6, 7, or 8)
• Full-time course at degree level or above ( RQF level 6,7, or 8)  that’s equivalent to a UK higher education course and is being delivered as part of a longer course overseas
• A part-time course leading to a qualification that’s above degree level ( RQF  level 7 or above)
• A recognised foundation programme for postgraduate doctors or dentists
• An English language course at level B2 or above in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages .”

If you’re studying in Scotland, their education system does not use the RQF scale as noted above. Refer to an official source for a qualification comparison .

Note: You may also need an Academic Technology Approval Scheme ( ATAS ) certificate if you’re studying sensitive topics at  RQF  level 7 or above .

Search and apply to some of the UK’s top schools on the ApplyBoard Platform!

Information Required for UK Student Visas

International students need to submit several supporting documents with their student visa application. Use the UK government’s website to learn which ones you must provide .

In general, international students need the following documents:

• A current passport or other valid travel documentation.
• Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS).
• Biometric information.
• A valid ATAS certificate (if required by your course and nationality).
• English-language proficiency proof.
• If you’ve received sponsorship for your course fees and living costs over the past 12 months, you’ll need written consent for your visa application from your financial sponsor.
• Proof of parental or legal guardian consent and proof of their relationship with you if you’re under 18.
• Tuberculosis test results (if applicable).

Biometric Information

When you submit your visa application, you’ll be asked to make an appointment at a visa application center to provide your biometric information (fingerprints and a photo). Some students may be asked to use the UK Immigration: ID Check app to scan their identity document instead. It depends on where you’re from and what kind of passport you have. Either way, you’ll be told which to do when you apply.

If you provided biometric info, pick up your Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) after arriving in the UK . Your visa decision letter will indicate where you need to go, and when it must be picked up by. The BRP is a legal document with your:

• Name, date, and place of birth
• Biometric information
• Immigration status and conditions of stay
• Your access to any public services or benefits, including healthcare

Your BRP does not confirm your right to work or rent accommodations . Those are separate processes.

If you used the UK Immigration: ID Check app, you will not be issued a BRP. Instead, prove your right to work and live in the UK online .

English Language Ability

The UK government requires students to have a certain level of English language knowledge when they apply for a student visa.

Important Note: The English-language requirements for a student visa can be different than those needed for admission into the course you’re studying.

Your visa sponsor (the academic institution) will assess your English-language abilities. The most common way to do so is taking a government-approved Secure English Language Test (SELT).

Academic institutions often make their own language assessment based on the qualifications you submit during admissions. They may waive the SELT requirement.

Financial Capacity

Some international students must show they’ll have enough money to support themselves while in the UK. Students from some countries are exempt from this requirement , so check to see whether this is a necessary step.

Financial capacity includes covering the cost of your travel, tuition, living expenses, and any other expenses or fees. The money must be in your account for a minimum of 28 days, and the end date of that 28-day period must be within 31 days of your visa application date.

The amount you need to show depends on where you’ll be studying. For example, the cost of living is higher in London (both in the city itself and the 32 London boroughs). In April 2023, the UK government required proof of:

• £1,334 per month (for up to nine months) for courses in London
• £1,023 per month (for up to nine months) for courses outside London

You must have enough money for the first academic year of study (9 months), or for the entire course duration if it is less than one academic year.

If you’re bringing a partner or dependents, you must show you can cover their expenses as well:

• £845 per person per month in London
• £680 per person per month outside of London

Share copies of bank statements, details of any loans, and scholarship award information to strengthen your position.

The average cost of living changes over time. So, check the UK Government’s student visa website for current info .

Healthcare Surcharge

As part of their visa application fees, international students are asked to pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) for themselves, and anyone travelling with them. The IHS helps to fund the national healthcare system, and gives students access to free health care while living in the UK.

This means that international students will not have to pay to visit a doctor’s office, health care centre, or hospital while at school. You’ll still need to pay for dental and optical treatment, and any medicine prescribed by a doctor. Fortunately, health insurance can cover some of the cost of your optical, dental, or prescription drug needs. Health insurance is mandatory for all international students.

It takes a few steps to set up health or travel insurance as an international student in the UK . Learn how on our blog.

Length of Stay

A student visa is typically issued for the full length of your studies. For courses that last over six months, international students can arrive in the UK up to one month before classes begin.

In 2020, the UK launched their new post-study work visa (the Graduate visa ). This visa allows international students to stay in-country for up to three years after completing a bachelor’s degree, postgraduate degree, or other eligible course. You must apply for it before your student visa expires.

The Graduate visa allows most eligible graduates to work in any role for up to two years after graduation. Doctoral (PhD) graduates may work in the UK for up to three years. The Graduate visa cannot be renewed. You may instead transfer to a different visa, like a Skilled Worker visa.

Travelling with Family

As of January 1, 2024, the only international students permitted to obtain visas for their dependants are postgraduate students on research programmes .

A dependent could be your:

• Husband, wife, or civil partner
• Unmarried (common-law) partner
• Children under 18 years old (this includes if they were born in the UK during your stay)

When you apply, you’ll need to show proof of your relationship. A birth certificate or marriage certificate are the most common options.

Visa Processing Time

Usually, you’ll receive your UK visa decision within three weeks of your biometrics appointment. However, processing times can vary by country.

Ready to start your own UK study journey? ApplyBoard can guide you from application to arrival. 

Watch our video on UK visas for international students!

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Gold standard of UK degrees is lost in translation

Inflated marks, overworked staff and politically compromised courses are the price of exploiting offshore uk-registered students, says michael day.

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As a UK academic who has worked all over the world, I wasn’t shocked when The Observer reported in November that UK universities are paying millions to source international students . For vice-chancellors, it’s basic maths.

I’ve met a “consultant” in London who charges commission of £10,000 per student, per year, yet even that exorbitant figure is considerably lower than the tuition fees charged to most international students – which universities can raise well beyond inflation .

In my considerable experience, many of the relationships that UK universities enter into with overseas agents are questionable . I’ve sat on student recruitment panels, for instance, where we had to instruct the agency-provided students not to record our questions or read from scripts because we were concerned that they would sell the interview recording back to the agency, which would use them to devise scripts for future applicants to read from.

We say we are involved in international higher education to further equality and globalised mobility . Yet we all understand the economic imperatives, and a student who can afford an agent is one who can afford a high tuition fee. In reality, international students are treated – and feel – like cash cows, while concerns about standards and student success are swept under the rug.

When I worked in China and Thailand, it was to study this. I found that international students weren’t truly interested  in assimilating culture and they struggle to succeed because of differing systems of prior education .

In the West we talk about decolonising the curriculum , but invariably regard our educative model as superior when we export it to new overseas ventures. But senior UK university staff rarely visit these ventures and typically don’t want to hear that the education delivered can be a long way from  the UK Professional Standards Framework .

Do outstanding global partnerships exist? Yes, I’ve seen them. In others, though, what you get is departments full of colleagues from the host country who think locally and are not particularly familiar with UK standards, practices and language. Nevertheless, as colonisers, we force them, and the students, to teach and learn in English, inviting miscommunication. At the same time, we do not require international staff to learn local languages.

Meanwhile, it risks our quality assurance when local peers regularly mark a piece of coursework 89 out of 100. Joint-venture degree outcomes get UK moderated, but at a distance, and with overworked UK moderators checking perhaps a 10 per cent sample. Each piece of degree-awarding coursework marked overseas should be fully moderated to ensure fairness and consistency.

Nor can we ignore the fact that some countries we partner in have different ideas about  human rights . Authoritarian settings rely on rote pedagogy, and abhorrent academic abuse, violence and imprisonment are reported locally as commonplace . Even a simple email from the UK to guide staff at a partnership in an authoritarian setting will probably look different when it reaches them. We encourage graduate students to find their voices – yet, if they do so, they might vanish , accused of subverting state power.

There are other huge cultural differences, particularly in Asia, where UK partnerships operate. Ideological indoctrination might be considered an appropriate aim of curricula . A supervisor’s authority is typically absolute  and their political orientation means everything. Politically motivated , deranged academic appointments , usually professorships, are popular concessions. Face-culture, filial piety and excessive deference to power dominate .

I attended one event where students crawled on their knees to prostrate themselves before tutors. And I’ve seen students rehearse graduating for many hours, from 3am in the morning, in tropical heat ; those “allowed” to identify as women had to wear short skirts and make-up.

Professional expectations of staff are also very different . First-year, inexperienced postdocs can supervise UK PhD students as lead supervisors, having never studied UK PhDs themselves. Departments can launch new degrees yearly, despite being in their academic infancy. Predatorial academics abound ; overseas, I was once asked by a peer if it was “OK” to publish students’ dissertation work as their own.

The working day in Asia is long – up to 12 hours – and the working week is typically six days. During it, you embrace a culture of absolute service to your line manager . I know of one doctoral supervisor taking meetings while in labour. Another colleague nearly broke when a female jobseeker was discounted because she was unmarried. Faculty turnover rates are high for a reason.

UK university leaders’ knowledge shortfall of this landscape is glaring. The realities often don’t come across in long-distance partnership video calls. Assurances about standards often belie the realities. And abuse of power by ultra-conservative, state-aligned actors is waved away as cross-cultural misunderstanding.

We should not abandon our partnerships, but we should rethink them. Better training for those charged with monitoring them is imperative. Our business agreements must contractually protect curricula, libraries and lectures from political interference. Local staff need pensions, protections and professional training. And we need to make it a matter of business practice that overseas leadership teams are diverse in terms of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation and nationality to avoid ritualistic conformity.

Overseas practice also requires regular scrutiny by impartial UK regulatory bodies. We cannot rely on institutional ethics for accountability in the face of such strong market forces.

Western academic practice might not be objectively better than any other and has flaws. Yet if we are asking students to pay for a Western degree at a distance the least we can do is deliver it to Western standards, built on post-war intellectual values we are supposed to champion.

For UK universities to take their money without sufficient concern about whether they receive what they are paying for is the worst form of academic colonialism.

Michael Day is an associate professor in HE teaching and learning at the University of Greenwich .

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Sunak’s student visas clampdown continues boom-and-bust pattern

Move coincides with financial difficulties for universities arising from high inflation and freezing of domestic tuition fees

• Warning of over-reliance on Chinese students

Rishi Sunak may not go down in history as “the man who destroyed UK higher education,” as one former university leader put it, but the prime minister’s sabre-rattling on international student visas could end up doing just that.

Sunak’s willingness to clamp down on international student numbers coincides with what one expert called a funding crisis for universities that could undermine the entire sector.

At the last general election, the Conservative party under Boris Johnson claimed it would “maintain and strengthen our global position in higher education”. The manifesto’s immigration section pledged: “Our student visa will help universities attract talented young people and allow those students to stay on to apply for work here after they graduate.”

But the political climate around immigration has changed dramatically. By the end of last year, James Cleverly, the home secretary, was declaring that “enough is enough” and announcing plans to review post-study work visas, which allow international graduates to stay and work in the UK for two years.

Sunak posted on social media: “Immigration is too high. Today we’re taking radical action to bring it down,” including by “banning overseas students from bringing their families to the UK”.

Immigration is too high. Today we’re taking radical action to bring it down. These steps will make sure that immigration always benefits the UK. pic.twitter.com/osz7AmcRgY — Rishi Sunak (@RishiSunak) December 4, 2023

That was the latest twist in what the former universities minister Chris Skidmore calls the UK’s “boom and bust” policies towards international students.

Noting that the remarks by Sunak were widely reported overseas, Skidmore said: “Everyone is already saying that what the prime minister said has been catastrophic. Having the prime minister coming out and saying, ‘We are now cracking down on international students’ was an enormous signal.”

David Pillsbury, a former deputy vice-chancellor of Coventry University and a member, with Skidmore, of the International Higher Education Commission, said the government had probably “run out of legislative road” to scrap the graduate route before the general election.

“But that won’t stop these really appalling messages going out to the world when the prime minister throws red meat to his base,” Pillsbury said. “My own personal view is that he won’t want to be seen as the man that destroyed UK higher education. So I would hope that would limit the extent to which they are going to do anything else.”

Skidmore resigned the Conservative whip in January when he stood down as a MP. He worries that his former party has “lost its compass” over the issue. “Now we’ve decided to follow a sort of nihilistic, nationalist mirage of our past that we can’t get back to.

“What we’re seeing now is obviously the dying days of a party that is likely to lose power, flailing around, trying to scrape the bottom of the barrel with some messaging that is divisive, and is more about what they are against rather than what they stand for.

“Sometimes they say, ‘Yes, we’ve got the best universities in the world.’ Well, you’re about to destabilise the best universities in the world with your policies. So you either think we’ve got some of the best universities in the world, and you want to support that ecosystem, or you want to damage it. Which side are you on?”

For Mark Corver, a data analyst who advises universities, high inflation and the government’s freezing of domestic tuition fees have created financial difficulties for universities that will become worse if international students stay away.

Corver said the government was often sceptical of universities “crying” about their funding. “However, that in itself doesn’t stop a funding crisis from arising. And it’s my view that we are now at that point,” he said.

• International students
• Higher education policy
• Education policy
• Conservatives
• Rishi Sunak
• Immigration and asylum
• Higher education

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