commercial voyage number

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Voyage Number

A Voyage Number is a unique identifier assigned to a specific voyage of a ship, enabling accurate tracking and communication within the maritime industry.

A Voyage Number is a unique identifier assigned to a specific journey or trip undertaken by a vessel, typically a ship or a maritime transport conveyance. This alphanumeric code allows for the precise vessel tracking and documentation of a vessel's voyages, aiding in logistics, scheduling, and overall maritime management.

Each time a vessel embarks on a journey, it is assigned a distinctive Voyage Number that serves as a reference for various stakeholders involved in the maritime industry. This identifier is particularly crucial for shipping companies, port authorities, customs officials, and logistics providers, as it helps streamline the monitoring and coordination of maritime activities.

Key features of a Voyage Number include:

• Uniqueness: Each voyage is assigned a unique Voyage Number to avoid confusion and facilitate accurate record-keeping.
• Logistical Reference: The Voyage Number serves as a logistical reference point, enabling easy tracking of the vessel's progress, port calls, and other relevant details.
• Documentation: The code is used in various maritime documents, including bills of lading, shipping manifests, and other paperwork associated with the specific voyage.

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Difference between vessel name and voyage number

Difference between vessel name and voyage number  , vessel name and voyage number.

We have already discussed about difference between mother vessel and feeder vessel in this web blog. Let us discuss about vessel name vs voyage number.

Vessel name with voyage number are mentioned in Bill of lading of each shipment issued by carrier of goods. Some of you may need clarification on voyage number mentioned in Bill of lading and other shipping journals. What is vessel name and what is voyage number.

What is vessel ‘voyage’ number in a sea shipment .

The meaning of voyage is ‘long journey’ by sea or in space. We can also call trip, travel, passage, or tour.

You would have noticed vessel name followed by voyage number. What is this voyage number after vessel name mentioned. For example, Vessel ‘Evergreen Teresa – V.284’. Here, ‘Evergreen Teresa’ is the vessel name and ‘V.284’ is voyage number. (V stands for voyage). So, V.284 means voyage 284 – 284th trip of said vessel.

Did you satisfy with this article about Vessel Name and Voyage number? Would you like to add more information about Vessel name and Voyage Number?

Write below your experience and thoughts about Vessel name and Voyage Number.

The above information is a part of Export Import Training online

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Discussion Forum

Table of Content

• What is a Commercial Invoice

Commercial Invoice Requirements

Documenting commercial invoice.

• Commercial Invoice Sample Format
• How to fill out a Commercial Invoice
• Commercial Invoice vs Other Terms

Explore Drip Capital’s Innovative Trade Financing Solutions

09 March 2022

What is a Commercial Invoice in Shipping & Exports

What is a commercial invoice.

A commercial invoice or a CI, is a document required by the customs department in international trade transactions as proof of sale of the given products between the buyer and the seller. It is issued by the seller after loading or after delivery and contains the exact quantities of the goods being shipped.

International trade is a very labourous and tiresome process and the commercial invoice along with the proforma invoice are some of the most important documents to establish the authenticity of an export transaction.

It is a record that notifies the authorities that the invoice displayed is accurate and duly signed, offering parties with reliable terms. The buyer/importer can then use this invoice – and other shipping documents – to clear the shipment at customs in the country of export and import.

Why is a Commercial Invoice important?

A commercial invoice is prepared with information regarding the shipment to the buyer, freight forwarder, customs broker , C & F agent , and bank. It is mandatory for all sea freight , air freight and incoterms shipments. So, if an exporter ships airfreight via FedEx or DHL, they must provide a FedEx commercial invoice or a DHL commercial invoice.

When is a Commercial Invoice required?

A commercial invoice is required for any international shipment which carries a commercial value to fulfil all regulations under the export/import country’s customs regulation. The document is to be prepared when the exporter is ready to ship the goods. Since international commercial invoices do not show tax as international transactions, they may not be subjected to local taxes. Hence, the exporter must take care to provide all the information in the correct format so that the importer does not face any trouble at the customs.

Any commercial invoice for shipping & export should contain following essential details:

• Exporter’s company name, address, and contact number
• Importer’s company name, address, and contact details
• Buyer’s details if they are not essentially a consignee
• Mode of dispatch (whether by road, rail, air, or sea)
• Type of shipment (FCL, LCL , breakbulk, etc)
• Types of Containers ( Reefer Container , TEU , Insulated Containers, etc)
• Vessel name and voyage number
• Names of the loading port, discharge port, and destination
• Invoice number and date
• Reference number of the Shipping BL document , Marine cover policy number , The LC , Reference number of the Air way bill document [If applicable]
• Name of country of origin of the goods
• Destination of the goods
• Terms/method of payment (optional)

Also Read: Types of Letter of Credit

Apart from these components, the commercial invoice must also have the product details. This would include the description, quantity, the product classification code like the [HSN Code (Harmonized System of Nomenclature] or the [Schedule B codes (HS/HTS)], unit type, price, and currency. Do not overlook to mention the terms of trade or the agreement between the two trading parties. In the end, provide the name, date, and signature of the authorized company representative.

Also Read: Forex Hedge | Currency Hedging Strategy for Exporters

Shippers generally prefer using a template in Microsoft Word or Excel to share invoice details. However, these templates tend to miss some important information, which could lead to expensive delays at the customs department of the importing country. It may also confuse buyers and freight forwarders, leading to fines and demurrage charges charges.

Exporters could consider using export documentation tools such as IncoDocs which allows one to create packing list and other important shipping documents. Most of these templates are aligned to the UN Layout Key recommendations for trade documentation. This, in turn, ensures trade compliance, doing away with any problems and delays in shipment.

The best way, however, is to rely on a pre-filled invoice online. One can find an aligned invoice by the UN’s Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). Or refer to sample invoices from international shipping companies such as FedEx and UPS.

Alternatively, download an invoice format from commercialinvoiceform.org. This allows you to enter the details online directly. It has a glossary of words attached, which outlines the terms on the form by clarifying each section.

Commercial Invoice - Sample Format

Example for a letterhead format.

Template for an Export format

How to fill out a Commercial Invoice?

Remember, there is no specific format for creating an invoice. However, it must have all the basic (but important) details of the transaction.

Fill up your invoice carefully. While the taxation ID, address details, and recipient’s details are important, note that if the sender or the recipient were an individual (and not a company) their tax ID would ideally be their Social Security Number or equivalent government identification number.

Finally, ensure that you fill any columns that are not applicable for your shipment with ‘NA’. Do not leave them blank.

Commercial Invoice vs Proforma Invoice

The common question arising in businesses is what is the difference between Pro Forma Invoice & Commercial Invoice . A pro forma invoice is required in the pre-shipment process. It generally gives customers an idea of what to expect in terms of the details of the transaction, including the price, quality and quantity of the product, payment, delivery terms, etc. In other words, it documents the sale terms, but it doesn’t demand payment.

On the other hand, a commercial invoice is required in the post shipment process. It allows request payment for items that have actually been sold by showing the amount actually to be paid, it will provide information of the seller, buyer, destination, mode of dispatch, current account, freight forwarder, [HS code] of the product, price, payment terms, and currency of transaction, among other details.

Commercial invoice vs Tax Invoice

A seller requires a tax invoice to initiate his tax procedures. He can independently stipulate his amount for chargeable goods (Something like GST Invoice in India).

In contrast, a commercial invoice is required to specify invoice for quality, quantity, price & terms of sale.

Also Read: How to claim GST Refund on exports?

Commercial invoice vs Customs Invoice

A commercial invoice is used for all export-related activities, and a customs invoice is declared for the importing country's customs regulation. A customs invoice has an additional step involved, which is why it is called an extended version of a commercial invoice.

FAQs on Commercial Invoice

1. can a commercial invoice have a no value/zero value.

The term zero value/no value is simply used to derive the purpose of a sample commodity. So if a product is shipped for a specimen reference, the trader has no amount to pay for the transit.

2. What is a Commercial invoice and Packing list?

A commercial invoice is a legal statement that acts as evidence of a trade transaction between the importer and the exporter. In comparison, a packing list is a detailed description of goods being shipped for proceedings.A packing list may serve as conforming document, but it can never be used as a substitute for a commercial invoice. Freight Forwarders and Commercial Stationers carry packing list form. Generally, freight forwarding industry provides a quicker and easier solution to the shipping process.

3. What is a Commercial Invoice and Certificate of Origin?

These documents are required for the processing of shipment. A Commercial invoice is used for helping authorities to understand the terms of the transaction, and a Certificate of Origin is used for appropriate testing and drafting of import duties for goods.

Also Read :

• Shipper's Letter of Instruction | Meaning, Format & more
• Demurrage - Meaning & Charges in Shipping
• Deemed Exports | Meaning, Eligibility, and Benefits
• Forex Hedge | Currency Hedging Strategy for Exporters
• Forward Contract | Meaning, Types, Examples & more
• Bank Guarantee | Meaning, Process, Format & more

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It’s Time: Key Signals You Need a Commercial Voyage Management System

October 14, 2022

Veson Nautical The Veson Team

5 Minute Read

The decision to adopt a commercial voyage management system is one of the most important decisions a modern maritime shipping organization can make. Amid widespread digitalization, increasingly complex contracts, heightened market volatility, shrinking margins, nuanced environmental considerations, and a multifaceted deal chain, it’s not surprising the majority of maritime shipping organizations have abandoned homegrown or legacy solutions in favor of more agile digital solutions to support their voyage workflows.  

And yet, digital adoption is not universal. Whether you’re an upstart that is starting to feel the growing pains or a tenured organization with a long legacy of success, if you haven’t yet made the leap to a VMS, you’re not alone.  

But how do you know when your organization really needs a VMS? Read on for seven important signals that indicate it may be time for your organization to adopt a capable, digital VMS.    

1. You’re minding internal knowledge gaps more than you’d like.   

As the maritime industry becomes more regulated and your organization becomes more complex, the success of a voyage is dependent upon an increasing number of systems and stakeholders. Without a tightly integrated, accessible solution, organizations can face critical gaps in knowledge that slow things down and cost them money. If you’re finding your chartering team increasingly disconnected from ops, or your accounting team unaware of important voyage P&L data, it’s probably time.  

A proper VMS will integrate seamlessly with your core internal solutions, including accounting systems, to serve as a single source of truth for voyage information. In addition, a cloud-hosted solution provides the accessibility stakeholders require to ensure alignment and access the same, up-to-date information.  

2. Manual data entry is weighing your team down.   

The maritime shipping industry has long relied on manual processes for chartering and voyage operations, impeding efficiency, weighing down team satisfaction, and leaving ample room for oversights. Manual entry comes with its fair share of issues, one of which is the pervasive lack of standardization that makes meaningful analysis challenging if not impossible. Is your team spending a disproportionate amount of time entering the same data, again and again? Do you find that your data is inaccurate, incomplete, and unstandardized? That’s signal number two.  

By adopting a proper VMS, organizations can bring new automation to the voyage management workflow, freeing up busy stakeholders’ time for the most valuable tasks. Instead of juggling hundreds of emails and manual data entry, maritime shipping stakeholders can access the information they need, where and when they need it, in one, connected system. The result? Faster workflows, better information, happier stakeholders, less error… the list goes on.  

3. Your business is growing.   

While a VMS can deliver significant advantages to organizations with just one vessel, its importance only heightens as a business grows. Every voyage workflow has a variety of complex variables that must be carefully managed, from contract details, to claims, bunker costs, and more. This becomes even more challenging as more and more voyages are chartered. If you started with a single vessel and have added one or two more, you’re probably feeling the (growing) pains. For organizations with a few commercial vessels, the shortcomings of spreadsheet-based systems are all too real.  

Fortunately, a proper VMS delivers the automation and integration needed to optimize each voyage’s performance at scale. With full visibility into every voyage—past and present—a VMS enables the organization to learn from historical performance, enhances connectivity between chartering and operations, replicates best practices, and provides a complete view of the business as it grows.  

4. You’re finding inaccuracies in your P&L.   

The P&L is a key indicator of voyage performance, and it has become especially important as the costs of key voyage inputs continue to rise. When relying largely on manual processes or legacy systems, organizations tend to face frequent inaccuracies that prevent a full understanding of performance and inhibit their ability to optimize decisions. Have you found several errors that negatively affected your profitability, or gave you a false sense of performance? It doesn’t have to happen.  

With a proper VMS, organizations can maintain a timely and accurate view of P&L at all times to enhance decision making during and after the voyage. As noon reports are received, the organization can immediately assess P&L impact, enabling them to prioritize voyage profitability and enhance their overall commercial success. 

5. You’re disconnected from what’s happening in the market.   

The bulk commodities markets and, by extension, commercial freight markets, are highly volatile and unpredictable at times. Maritime shipping organizations must have a continual awareness of fluctuations in the market at large as these shifts have a significant impact on contract prices and profitability. Do you find yourself relying on guesswork and gut instinct when looking for market context? If so, you’re seeing signal number five. 

One of the primary advantages of the VMS is its ability to provide insight into market realities, including AIS data and information that can be used for competitive benchmarking. Ultimately, market context yields better decisions, and better decisions yield competitive advantage.  

6. You’re not sure where sustainability fits.   

What greater impetus to adopt a VMS than the ability to understand the environmental impact of each and every voyage? As the regulatory landscape continues to intensify and carbon accounting comes into focus, emissions-based decision making has emerged as a critical success factor for maritime shipping organizations of all shapes and sizes. Does your existing system consider emissions in your chartering and operational decisions? If the answer is no, the transition to a better VMS is inevitable.  

A proper VMS can couple commercial decision support with environmental decision support, which must be present at all parts of the voyage—from chartering to route optimization, ongoing voyage operations, and more. Emissions reporting sheds light on environmental impact over time, and enables maritime shipping organizations to prioritize emissions reduction in their long-term strategies.   

7. You find yourself looking for metrics you don’t have.   

Commercial maritime shipping generates a wealth of data— up to 120 million unique data points each day. This data is key to decision making, providing insights around emissions, costs, competitor positions, and much more. But without a way to access this information in a usable format, many organizations fail to realize the full potential of their data. Even if you can calculate your business’s KPIs, getting at them might feel like performing surgery using your existing macro-based systems. For today’s maritime shipping organizations, data-driven decision support is a key source of competitive advantage. If you don’t have the insight you need, chances are it’s time for a change.  

A proper VMS centralizes and standardizes critical voyage and market data, providing maritime organizations visibility into key metrics at all times. These data can be used by stakeholders throughout the organization to make more informed decisions, optimize operations, shape market-leading strategies, and maximize success.  

Complex workflows, made simple with Q88 VMS  

If you’re seeing any of these signals in your organization today, it might be time to start thinking about a voyage management system. It’s important to note that the switch to a VMS doesn’t have to be intimidating or hard. It doesn’t have to re-engineer your existing workflows. And it doesn’t have to disrupt your operations.  

  Q88 VMS provides comprehensive tools for complex voyage management workflows, with timely and accurate visibility into voyage performance, custom alerts, robust integration capabilities, and more. In addition, Q88 fast-tracks your path to an effective voyage management system with quick implementation, minimal training, and an intuitive, cloud-based interface so that your organization can begin to realize the value of your VMS investment as quickly as possible.  

Are all signs pointing to Q88 VMS? Request a demo to learn what makes us the best choice for your business.   

About the Author

Veson Nautical delivers maritime freight management solutions that propel the global shipping economy. Trusted by buyers and sellers of bulk marine freight in every region of the world, Veson solutions are responsible for managing $109 billion in freight traded and moving 4.4 billion metric tons in annual trade each year.

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Dependable. Accountable. Tangible

A dedicated service arm of GeoServe, we are in business to help our clients achieve benchmarked cost efficiencies and provide them with comprehensive Voyage Management solutions and post fixtures laytime (demurrage) and claims solutions.

With more than a decade of experience in commercial operations, we provide On-demand Voyage Management Solutions that are critical to strengthen our clients’ core business. We strive to help our clients achieve operational excellence with a prime focus on enabling them to simplify and streamline their existing business processes, reduce operational overheads, and offer new opportunities for future growth!

Our expert team is determined to provide an end-to-end post fixture services that compliments the capabilities of your operations desk. Our experienced claims desk is adept in handling a myriad of simple and complicated multi charter and multi port voyages. We strive to cover the entire spectrum from collecting laytime documents, effective communication with the agent/master, prepare in filing and negotiation of claims, assist on recovery through to legal advice and reporting.

Our services include:

• Expert feedback and consulting on Charterparty terms and clauses to reduce your voyage risk and exposure
• Audit of laytime and demurrage claims
• Monthly reports

What We Offer

Collaborate, with maritime experts, with competitive advantage, optimum savings, what we deliver.

We offer comprehensive Pre/Post Voyage management solutions and specialize in integrating processes, technology, and resources. Consider us as your extended team, committed to deliver best in class commercial management services.

Post Fixture laytime (demurrage) and claims solutions

In a commercial voyage every minute and every dollar counts. At Geovoy, using our experience of working with global clients on all type of Charter Parties, our sole aim remains to manage any commercial claims on behalf of the owner for maximum defence or recovery.

Voyage Execution

A smooth, safe, and economic voyage is our top priority! We support the Master with necessary guidance to pursue the envisioned results of our clients. Maintaining a clear communication with all stakeholders assures that our collaboration remains strong and our clients experience a productive and rewarding business partnership!

CP Terms interpretation

Our comprehensive knowledge of CP terms and its relevant applicability ensures we have your exposure covered. Our commercial team is adept in CP Clauses interpretation having drafted and legally reviewed numerous CPs over the years.

Voyage Feasibility

We co-ordinate with your commercial team to determine the economic feasibility of the voyage basis vessel suitability, cargo care and readiness for the next voyage.

Let us know how we can manage your voyage operations!

Contact us today and one of our experienced team members will connect with you soon.

BUSINESS ENQUIRY

Vessels Database

Ais ship positions.

Voyage Quick Search

Travelling on a cargo ship is a unique experience.  Whether you love the sea, are conscious of your carbon footprint, don't like flying or simply prefer to sail in a relaxed atmosphere , away from the crowds, then travelling by cargo ship is the right choice for you.

We've been doing this for over 30 years and are passionate about providing a personalised service tailored to your needs. Alas, carriage of passengers on cargo ships is discretionary and since the pandemic available vessels are in sharp decline; we cannot speculate which routes or owners might accept passengers in future.

A NUMBER OF CRUISE SHIP  'VOYAGE OPTIONS'  HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE WEBSITE TO OFFER AN ALTERNATIVE TO FLYING AND IN THE ABSENCE OF CARGO SHIP OPTIONS. THERE ARE TRANSATLANTIC, SOUTH AMERICA, SOUTH AFRICA VOYAGES, MORE WILL BE ADDED IN THE COMING WEEKS - PLEASE ASK IF YOU HAVE A SPECIFIC CRUISE 'VOYAGE OPTION' YOU MIGHT LIKE TO FIND WE HAVE ACCESS TO MOST LINES.

WE ARE NOT OFFERING SHORT DURATION HOLIDAY CRUISES, ONLY POINT TO POINT LINE VOYAGES WITH A PURPOSE AND IN MOST CASES ONLY ABLE TO SELL TO UK RESIDENTS AT PRESENT OWING TO RESTRICTIVE CRUISE LINE PRICING PRACTICES.

www.voyageoptions.com  (under construction), Facebook.com/voyageoptions, Twitter @voyageoptions).

Do please take some time to check our website for available routes, also our ‘Ask the Captain’ section for frequently asked questions BEFORE contacting us!

+++ NEWS +++

LAST UPDATED April  2024  

WITH A FEW EXCEPTIONS, DEEP SEA INTERNATIONAL CARGO SHIP VOYAGES ARE NO LONGER POSSIBLE AS MAJOR SHIPOWNERS AND/OR THEIR CHARTERERS HAVE INDEFINITELY WITHDRAWN FROM THIS ACTIVITY.

- No transatlantic voyages

- No Australia/New Zealand/Europe voyages

- No Europe/South America voyages

- No transpacific voyages

- No round the world voyages

- No voyages in around Asia or Oceania

- No bookable availability Europe to/from South Africa until mid 2025 (waitlist/standby only 2024 @ 6 weeks notice) 

Some short haul European, Mediterranean, Baltic are bookable however 2024 availability is limited on some routes.

French Polynesia (mv Aranui V), mv Bella Desgagnes (St Lawrence River, Canada) are available & mv St Helena global voyages supporting the Extreme E organisation are likely to be available again in 2025.

Our website is updated regularly with bookable options; please do not contact us regarding cargo voyages that are not listed!

There may be cruise ship alternatives, please ask if you have a specific voyage in mind.

Try us and travel the world your way!

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NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft finally phones home after 5 months of no contact

On Saturday, April 5, Voyager 1 finally "phoned home" and updated its NASA operating team about its health.

NASA's interstellar explorer Voyager 1 is finally communicating with ground control in an understandable way again. On Saturday (April 20), Voyager 1 updated ground control about its health status for the first time in 5 months. While the Voyager 1 spacecraft still isn't sending valid science data back to Earth, it is now returning usable information about the health and operating status of its onboard engineering systems. 

Thirty-five years after its launch in 1977, Voyager 1 became the first human-made object to leave the solar system and enter interstellar space . It was followed out of our cosmic quarters by its space-faring sibling, Voyager 2 , six years later in 2018. Voyager 2, thankfully, is still operational and communicating well with Earth. 

The two spacecraft remain the only human-made objects exploring space beyond the influence of the sun. However, on Nov. 14, 2023, after 11 years of exploring interstellar space and while sitting a staggering 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) from Earth, Voyager 1's binary code — computer language composed of 0s and 1s that it uses to communicate with its flight team at NASA — stopped making sense.

Related: We finally know why NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft stopped communicating — scientists are working on a fix

In March, NASA's Voyager 1 operating team sent a digital "poke" to the spacecraft, prompting its flight data subsystem (FDS) to send a full memory readout back home.

This memory dump revealed to scientists and engineers that the "glitch" is the result of a corrupted code contained on a single chip representing around 3% of the FDS memory. The loss of this code rendered Voyager 1's science and engineering data unusable.

The NASA team can't physically repair or replace this chip, of course, but what they can do is remotely place the affected code elsewhere in the FDS memory. Though no single section of the memory is large enough to hold this code entirely, the team can slice it into sections and store these chunks separately. To do this, they will also have to adjust the relevant storage sections to ensure the addition of this corrupted code won't cause those areas to stop operating individually, or working together as a whole. In addition to this, NASA staff will also have to ensure any references to the corrupted code's location are updated.

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—  Voyager 2: An iconic spacecraft that's still exploring 45 years on

—  NASA's interstellar Voyager probes get software updates beamed from 12 billion miles away

—  NASA Voyager 2 spacecraft extends its interstellar science mission for 3 more years

On April 18, 2024, the team began sending the code to its new location in the FDS memory. This was a painstaking process, as a radio signal takes 22.5 hours to traverse the distance between Earth and Voyager 1, and it then takes another 22.5 hours to get a signal back from the craft. 

By Saturday (April 20), however, the team confirmed their modification had worked. For the first time in five months, the scientists were able to communicate with Voyager 1 and check its health. Over the next few weeks, the team will work on adjusting the rest of the FDS software and aim to recover the regions of the system that are responsible for packaging and returning vital science data from beyond the limits of the solar system.

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Robert Lea is a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Rob holds a bachelor of science degree in physics and astronomy from the U.K.’s Open University. Follow him on Twitter @sciencef1rst.

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• Robb62 'V'ger must contact the creator. Reply
• Holy HannaH! Couldn't help but think that "repair" sounded extremely similar to the mechanics of DNA and the evolution of life. Reply
• Torbjorn Larsson *Applause* indeed, thanks to the Voyager teams for the hard work! Reply
• SpaceSpinner I notice that the article says that it has been in space for 35 years. Either I have gone back in time 10 years, or their AI is off by 10 years. V-*ger has been captured! Reply

Admin said: On Saturday, April 5, Voyager 1 finally "phoned home" and updated its NASA operating team about its health. The interstellar explorer is back in touch after five months of sending back nonsense data. NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft finally phones home after 5 months of no contact : Read more

evw said: I'm incredibly grateful for the persistence and dedication of the Voyagers' teams and for the amazing accomplishments that have kept these two spacecrafts operational so many years beyond their expected lifetimes. V-1 was launched when I was 25 years young; I was nearly delirious with joy. Exploring the physical universe captivated my attention while I was in elementary school and has kept me mesmerized since. I'm very emotional writing this note, thinking about what amounts to a miracle of technology and longevity in my eyes. BRAVO!!! THANK YOU EVERYONE PAST & PRESENT!!!

• EBairead I presume it's Fortran. Well done all. Reply

SpaceSpinner said: I notice that the article says that it has been in space for 35 years. Either I have gone back in time 10 years, or their AI is off by 10 years. V-*ger has been captured!

EBairead said: I presume it's Fortran. Well done all.

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Lisa Baertlein covers the movement of goods around the world, with emphasis on ocean transport and last-mile delivery. In her free time, you'll find her sailing, painting or exploring state and national parks.

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